IT-04-75-PT 7298 UNITED NATIONS International Tribunal for the Case No. IT-04-75-PT Prosecutionof Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of Date: 3July2012 International HumanitarianLaw Committedinthe Territoryof the former Yugoslavia since 1991 IN TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge GuyDelvoie, Presiding Judge BurtonHall Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua Registrar: Mr John Hocking Date: 3July2012 THE PROSECUTOR v. GORAN HAD@I] PUBLIC REDACTED PROSECUTION PRE-TRIAL BRIEF The Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. Douglas Stringer Counsel for the Accused: Mr. Zoran@ivanovi} Mr. Christopher Gosnell IT-04-75-PT 7297 I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 II. THE JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE (JCE).......................................................................2 A. COMMON CRIMINAL PURPOSE.......................................................................................................2 B. HAD`I} WAS A JCE MEMBER ........................................................................................................2 C. OTHER JCE MEMBERS ..................................................................................................................3 D. HAD`I} WORKED WITH OTHER JCE MEMBERS TO CREATE ETHNIC-SERB TERRITORIES IN CROATIA ....................................................................................................................................6 E. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMON CRIMINAL PURPOSE .......................................................8 1. Patternof crimes ......................................................................................................................9 2. The establishment of SAO SBWS .........................................................................................13 3. The creationof separate Serbpolice andmilitarystructures inSBWS.................................14 4. The deployment of MUP/SDB-sponsoredunits andpersonnel toSBWS.............................16 5. The incorporationof volunteers from Serbia.........................................................................18 6. The interventionof the JNA toprotect Serbinterests............................................................19 7. The SAO Krajina andSAO WesternSlavonia ......................................................................20 8. The RSK andthe Vance Plan.................................................................................................21 9. The implementationof discriminatorypolicies against nonSerbs toensure their removal and nonreturn .....................................................................................................................23 III. HAD@I]’S INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARTICLES 7(1) AND 7(3) OF THE STATUTE.................................................................................................25 A. HAD`I}’S RESPONSIBILITY THROUGH HIS PARTICIPATION IN THE JCE ........................................25 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................25 (a) Had`i} significantly contributed to the implementation of the common criminal purpose ... 25 (i) Had`i} actively participated in crimes against non-Serbs .................................................. 26 (ii) Had`i} encouraged crimes by creating an environment of impunity ................................ 27 (iii)Had`i} failed to uphold his legal duties to ensure respect for the law and protection of non-Serbs .......................................................................................................................... 30 2. Had`i} shared the JCE intent.................................................................................................31 B. OTHER FORMS OF LIABILITY UNDER ARTICLE 7(1) .....................................................................31 C. HAD`I}’S SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARTICLE 7(3).......................................................33 1. Had`i}’s superior-subordinate relationshipover SerbForces inthe SAO SBWS/RSK .......33 2. Had`i}’s knowledge of the crimes committedbyhis subordinates.......................................34 3. Had`i}’s failure toprevent or punish.....................................................................................35 IV. THE CRIMES............................................................................................................................35 A. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE STATUTE ........................................................35 1. Existence of anarmedconflict...............................................................................................35 2. Nexus betweenthe armedconflict andthe crimes.................................................................36 B. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 5 OF THE STATUTE ........................................................36 1. The attack...............................................................................................................................36 2. The widespreadand/or systematic nature of the attack .........................................................37 3. Civilianpopulation.................................................................................................................37 4. Had`i}’s acts formedpart of the attackandhe was aware that his acts formedpart of the attack ...................................................................................................................................37 5. Discriminatoryintent for persecutions...................................................................................37 C. THE CRIMES CHARGED................................................................................................................38 1. Dalj.........................................................................................................................................38 (a) Murder of 11 non-Serb detainees on 21 September 1991...................................................... 39 (b) Murder of 28 non-Serb detainees around 4 October 1991..................................................... 39 2. Erdut.......................................................................................................................................40 (a) Murder of twelve non-Serb detainees in Erdut on 10 November 1991.................................. 41 Case No. IT04-75PT 3 July 2012 Public Redacted IT-04-75-PT 7296 (b) Murder of three non-Serb detainees in Erdut after 9 November 1991................................... 41 (c) Murder of five non-Serb detainees on 11 November 1991.................................................... 42 (d) Murder of five non-Serb detainees on oraround 10 December 1991.................................... 42 (e) Murder of seven non-Serb detainees in Erdut on 26 December 1991.................................... 43 (f) Murder offour non-Serb detainees in Erdut on 21 February 1992 ........................................ 43 (g) Murder of Marija Sena{i in Erdut on 3 June 1992................................................................. 43 3. Aljma{....................................................................................................................................43 4. Sarva{.....................................................................................................................................44 5. BorovoSelo ...........................................................................................................................44 6. The Takeover of Vukovar......................................................................................................44 7. Attacks against Towns andVillages SouthandEast of the Cityof Vukovar .......................45 (a) Sotin ....................................................................................................................................... 46 (b) Tovarnik................................................................................................................................. 47 (c) Lovas ...................................................................................................................................... 47 (i) Murderof 21 Croats at a minefield on the outskirts of Lovas on 18 October 1991 ........... 49 (d) Bapska.................................................................................................................................... 50 (e) [arengrad................................................................................................................................ 50 (f) Ilok.......................................................................................................................................... 51 (g) Opatovac ................................................................................................................................ 52 8. The Fall of Vukovar andits Aftermath..................................................................................53 (a) Detention of hundreds of Croats and non-Serbs at Vukovar Hospital and at the JNA Vukovar barracks.................................................................................................................. 53 (b) Murder of at least 200 Croat and other non-Serbs in and around Ov~ara on 20-21 November 1991....................................................................................................................