The New Zealand Beeches : Establishment, Growth and Management / Mark Smale, David Bergin and Greg Steward, Photography by Ian Platt

The New Zealand Beeches : Establishment, Growth and Management / Mark Smale, David Bergin and Greg Steward, Photography by Ian Platt

Mark Smale, David K ....,.,. and Greg ~t:~·wa11.r Photography by lan P Reproduction of material in this Bulletin for non-commercial purposes is welcomed, providing there is appropriate acknowledgment of its source. To obtain further copies of this publication, or for information about other publications, please contact: Publications Officer Private Bag 3020 Rotorua New Zealand Telephone: +64 7 343 5899 Fac.rimile: +64 7 348 0952 E-nraif. publications@scionresearch .com !Pebsite: www.scionresearch.com National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication data The New Zealand beeches : establishment, growth and management / Mark Smale, David Bergin and Greg Steward, Photography by Ian Platt. (New Zealand Indigenous Tree Bulletin, 1176-2632; no.6) Includes bibliographic references. 978-0-478-11018-0 1. trees. 2. Forest management-New Zealand. 3. Forests and forestry-New Zealand. 1. Smale, Mark, 1954- ll. Bergin, David, 1954- ill. Steward, Greg, 1961- IV. Series. V. New Zealand Forese Research Institute. 634.90993-dc 22 lSSN 1176-2632 ISBN 978-0-478-11038-3 ©New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited 2012 Production Team Teresa McConcbie, Natural Talent Design - design and layout Ian Platt- photography Sarah Davies, Richard Moberly, Scion - printing and production Paul Charters - editing DISCLAIMER In producing this Bulletin reasonable care has been taAren lo mmre tbat all statements represent the best infornJation available. Ht~~vever, tbe contents of this pt1blicatio11 are not i11tended to be a substitute for s,Pecific specialist advice on at!} matter and should not be relied on for that pury~ose. NEW ZEALAND FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE L!JWJTED mtd its emplqyees shall not be liable on at.ry ground for a'!)l lost, damage, or liabili!J inrorred as a direct or indirect result of at!J reliance l{y a'!)l person upon informatiou contained or opinions expressed in this tvork. Front cover: High altitude 111ountain beech forest, Lewis Pass. SCIOn • Next generation biomaterials • Matnaaki Whenua Landcare Research ~ Sustainable ~ Farnr1ing Fund www. maf.govt. nz/sff 7+(1(:=($/$1' %((&+(6 (VWDEOLVKPHQWJURZWKDQGPDQDJHPHQW 0DUN6PDOH'DYLG%HUJLQDQG*UHJ6WHZDUG 3KRWRJUDSK\E\,DQ3ODWW 1HZ=HDODQG,QGLJHQRXV7UHH%XOOHWLQ1R 6FLRQ3ULYDWH%DJ5RWRUXD 1HZ=HDODQG ,QWURGXFWLRQ 3DUW²7KHEHHFKVSHFLHV +RZWKH\ZHUHQDPHG 6SHFLHVGLIIHUHQFHVDWDJODQFH 7KHEODFNPRXQWDLQEHHFKTXHVWLRQ 3DUW²'LVWULEXWLRQ 7KH1HZ=HDODQGEHHFKHV 7KHEHHFKJDS²DQHQLJPD 7KH6RXWKHUQ%HHFKHV 3DUW²'HVFULSWLRQ 7UHHGLPHQVLRQVDQGOLIHVSDQV 3ODQWGHVFULSWLRQ )ROLDJH %DUN %UDQFKDQGWUHHIRUP 5RRWV\VWHPV 5HSURGXFWLRQ )ORZHULQJ 6HHGSURGXFWLRQDQGGLVSHUVDO 3DUW²(FRORJ\DQGKDELWDW (FRORJ\RI EHHFKIRUHVWV 'LVWLQFWLYHIRUHVWV 5HODWLRQVKLSZLWKRWKHUVSHFLHV 0LVWOHWRHRQEHHFKHV 5HVSRQVHWRGLVWXUEDQFH 1DWXUDOUHJHQHUDWLRQ (DUO\HVWDEOLVKPHQWDQGVXUYLYDO 5HJHQHUDWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFV 0\FRUUKL]DDQGWKHEHHFKHV 2 3DUW²9DOXHVRIEHHFKIRUHVWV 3URYHQDQFHYDULDWLRQ 1RQWLPEHUEHQHÀWV :RRGVLGH)RUHVW2[IRUG $PHQLW\ :DWHUVKHGSURWHFWLRQ 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