P a g e | 1 Recent Development in Indian Politics Q1. Discuss the policies and programmes of Janata Dal? Ans. Janata Dal was formed by merging together three opposition parties i.e., Janata Party, Jan Morcha and Lok Dal in 1988. Mr. V.P. Singh was unanimously elected President of the Janata Dal. On October 22, 1989 Election Commission allotted the wheel symbol to the Janata Dal. Due to groupism Janata Dal is divided eight times. 1. Corruption: The Party is committed to remove corruption. 2. Responsive Administrative Structure: The Party promised a responsive administrative structure. 3. Electoral Reforms: The party is committed for comprehensive election reforms so as to curb the influence of money and muscle power in election. 4. Reservation in Educational Institutions: Janata Dal revived the Mandal Card by promising to extend 27 percent reservation even in educational institutions if it came to power at the centre. 5. National Security Council: A National Security Council will set up to co-ordinate the activates of various departments concerned with security. 6. Radio and Doordarshan: All India and Radio and Doordarshan will be made autonomous. __________________________________________________________________ BY: NIKHIL DHAWAN Phone: 09103344552 | [email protected] | For More Projects @ Good Prices P a g e | 2 7. Social Justice: Janata Dal is committed to promote social Justice. 8. Federalism: Janata Dal would promote cooperative federalism involving all the states govt. in making policy decisions. 9. Smaller States: Janata Dal will appoint a commission to go into demands of smaller states. 10. Right to Work: Every citizen has the right to work. Right to work shall be made fundamental right. 11. Secularism: The party is committed to Secularism. 12. Education: Uniform and Universal education to all children with special emphasis on girls through neighborhood schools up to high school level in the medium of regional language. 13. Election Successes: In the Ninth Lok Sabha Elections held in November 1989 the Janata Dal secured 141 seats. Mr. V.P. Singh was unanimously elected leader of the Janata Dal and National Front Parliamentary wings. In Tenth Lok Sabha Elections Janata Dal secured only 55 seats whereas in 1996 Lok Sabha elections Janata Dal secured 43 seats. In 12th Lok Sabha Elections held in 1999 the party secured only 21 seats. Future of the Janata Dal is not bright due to factionalism among the leaders of the party. In the 14th Lok Sabha Elections Janata Dal (United) secured only 7 seats and Bhartiya Janata Dal secured 23 seats. Q2. Explain the policies and programmes of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)? Ans. Bhartiya Janata Party: Bhartiya Janata Party was established in 1980 due to split in Janata Party Bhartiya Janata was formed under the President ship of former foreign Minister. Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee. On April 24, 1980 the Election Commission granted recognition to the group led by Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee as a national party. The BJP was also provisionally allotted the symbol of `Lotus`. __________________________________________________________________ BY: NIKHIL DHAWAN Phone: 09103344552 | [email protected] | For More Projects @ Good Prices P a g e | 3 Policies and Programmes of B.J.P: AT the time of 15h Lok Sabha election, BJP released its election Manifesto in March, 2009. The programme and policies of BJP are as follows: 1. Restoration of State authority: The BJP favors promised to restore to our state its authority. The primary task is to restore to the state, and to governance its honor and prestige. 2. Constitutional Reforms: The BJP will appoint a commission to review the constitution of India, the commission will comprise the constitutional experts and eminent. 3. Centre- State Relations: The BJP favors restricting of centre – state relations in view of the quick economic development and decentralization. 4. Article 356: Article 356 permitting dissolution of state government by the centre will be invoked only when the constitutional machinery has in fact broken down and not promote any partism interest. 5. National Unity: The BJP is pledged to defend the unity and integrity of India. 6. Positive Secularism: The BJP is committed to the concept of positive secularism which means Sarva Dharma Sambhava and which does not connote on irreligious state. 7. Smaller States: The Party stands for the information of smaller states which are economically and administratively viable. 8. Languages: A commission will be set up to study the feasibility of treating all 18 languages included in schedule 8 of the constitution as official language. 9. Inter State Council: BJP will appoint an Inter State Council to settle all inter- state and centre state disputes. 10. Right to Information: The BJP will enhance public access to information to the maximum extent possible. 11. Minorities: The BJP will guarantee to all minorities whether religious or linguistic peace and security and fulfill opportunities for progress and development. __________________________________________________________________ BY: NIKHIL DHAWAN Phone: 09103344552 | [email protected] | For More Projects @ Good Prices P a g e | 4 12. Corruption: The BJP holds that root of the entire corruption lie in political and electoral corruption. The party is committed to remove all sorts of corruption. 13. Education for all: The BJP will increase state spending on education progressively to 6 percent and achieve full literacy by the year 2010. Q3. Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in past emergency politics? Ans. Bhartiya Janta Party is a major National political party in India. The five fold concept of `suchita` (Probity in Public Life), `Suraksha’ (Security), `Swadeshi’ (Economic Nationalism), `Samajik Samarasta’ (Social Harmony) and `Hindutva’ (Cultural Nationalism) constitute the core content and ideological pillars of BJP. BJP believes in one nation, one people, and one culture. Emergence of BJP as powerful force in Past Emergency Politics: Though Janata Party faced split in July in 1979 on the issue of dual membership, but this controversy didn`t end even after split. On 19th March, 1980 the Parliamentary Board of Janata Party decided to majority vote that no legislator or office bearer of Janata Party shall participle in the day to day activities of the R.S.S; but leaders of the erstwhile Jana Sangh – Atal Behari Vajpayee, L.K. Advani and Nana Deshmukh expressed their strong reservation on it and recorded their dissend. On 6th April, 1980 a new political organization – The Bhartiya Janata Party was born under the president ship of Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee. Election Success: In Lok Sabha election of 1984, the BJP secured only 2 seats. In 11 states Assembly Elections of March 1985 the party did not succeed much. In 9th Lok Sabha Elections of the 1989, BJP secured 86 seats. The BJP decided to support Nation Front Govt. from outside. __________________________________________________________________ BY: NIKHIL DHAWAN Phone: 09103344552 | [email protected] | For More Projects @ Good Prices P a g e | 5 In 10th Lok Sabha Elections in 1991, BJP secured 91 seats. In the elections held for 11th Lok Sabha Elections in 1996, the BJP emerged as the largest party secured 161 seats. In 12th Lok Sabha Elections held in 1998, the BJP secured 182 seats. The BJP and its allies secured 252 seats. Atal Behari Vajpayee was elected as Prime Minister of India. In 13th Lok Sabha Elections held in 1999, BJP secured 182 and its allies, 297 seats. On 10th October, National Democratic Alliance elected Atal Behari Vajpayee as Prime Minister of India. In 14th Lok Sabha Elections, BJP secured only 132 seats and lost power in centre. In 15th Lok Sabha Elections held in 2009, BJP secured only 116 seats. Q4. Analyze the policies and programmes of National Democratic Front? Ans. National Democratic Front: On 15th May, 1999 in an effort to protect Unity and Stability the BJP and its allies formed an Alliance with common manifesto called National Democratic Alliance – Atal Behari Vajpayee elected as leader of the NDA. The following are the policies and programmes of NDA: 1) NDA promised to free the nation of the triple curse of Bhookh (hunger) `bhay` (fear) and `bhrashtachaar` (Corruption). 2) NDA promised administrative reforms including those for the police and other civil services. 3) NDA promised to enact legislation to provide an eligibility criterion that the offices of state legislature, executive and Judicial are held only by naturally born Indian citizens. 4) NDA promised to take measures for ensuring a fixed term of five years for all elected bodies, including legislatures. 5) NDA extended its hands of friendship to minorities. 6) NDA promised to bring GDP growth to 7 to 8 percent and to control deficits fiscal and revenue. __________________________________________________________________ BY: NIKHIL DHAWAN Phone: 09103344552 | [email protected] | For More Projects @ Good Prices P a g e | 6 7) NDA govt. promised to give strong `Swadeshi` thrust to the national economy. 8) The NDA is committed to achieve population stabilization by 2010. 9) The NDA govt. would eradicate unemployment. 10) The NDA govt. promised to appoint a commission to review the constitution of India. 11) The NDA promised harmonious centre-state relations in the light of the Sarkari Commission. 12) The NDA promised to established Backward Area commission for each state. 13) The NDA promised electoral reforms. 14) The NDA promised to establish Lok Pal and to give him adequate powers to deal with corruption charges against anyone, including PM. 15) The NDA promised full statehood to Delhi and Uttaranchal, Vananchal and Chhattisgarh as new states. Q5. Describe the formation and objective of United Progressive Alliance? Ans. United Progressive Alliance: The united Progressive Alliance is outcome of results of the 14th Lok Sabha elections. In the general elections of 2004, the rulling BJP was stunned by the scale of defeat. The united progressive alliance was not formed before elections but to take shape after the election.