MATERIALISM PORTRAYED IN THE WINNER STANDS ALONE AND CRAZY RICH ASIANS: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE A THESIS BY DEVI SELVIA BR PANGGABEAN REG NO. 160705038 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 i ii iii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, DEVI SELVIA BR PANGGABEAN, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : April 16th, 2021 iv COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : DEVI SELVIA BR PANGGABEAN TITLE OF THESIS : MATERIALISM PORTRAYED IN THE WINNER STANDS ALONE AND CRAZY RICH ASIANS: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : April 16th, 2021 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the process of completing this thesis, a lot of advices, suggestions, comments and supports have been contributed by many people. It is not possible to mention all of them, but some deserve to be written. First of all, I would like to thank to God for all of His blessings in my life and my very special gratitude is for my beloved parents for their never ending support, care and love to encourage me to learn and work hard in order to finish my study in Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera. Thank you for always supporting me in following my dreams, for being patient in the hardest time, and for always guiding me through this life. Moreover, I thank to my beloved sisters, Yunike, Yohana and Rahel. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. as my thesis supervisor, for her great care, patient, and excellent advices in guiding me in the process of preparing this thesis until it appears as it should be, and I also would like to thank my co-supervisor, Drs. Siamir Maralafau, M.Hum. for his kindness, knowledge and patience to help me to write and finish this thesis. Then my special thanks also to Mr. Sukirno as the administrator of English Department, who always helped and answers all of my questions patiently. To all the lecturers of the English Department, I would like to express my deepest gratitude for all the knowledge I have learned. May God ease your hardships and give you all a long, healthy and prosperous life. Amin I also dedicate my greatest thanks to my best friends Farisa, Olivia, Marni, Zura, and also my seniors Yuri, Rizka. To all my classmates in Sasing 16-B, and the last but not least, I would like to thank to my best partner, Aji Putra for being one of my mood booster, and for supporting me in my hardest time. Finally, I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of writing this thesis. Thank you so much for being my power and motivator. Hopefully, this thesis will have great contribution for the development of English language learning. Medan, April 16th, 2021 Devi Selvia Br Panggabean vi Reg No. 160705038 ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled "Materialism Portrayed in The Winner Stands Alone and Crazy Rich Asians: A Comparative Literature". The author uses novels as the object of research, namely the Crazy Rich Asian novel (2013) by Kevin Kwan and the novel The Winner Stands Alone (2008) by Paulo Coelho. This analysis discusses how materialism is described in the Crazy Rich Asian novel and The Winner Stands Alone novel. In this thesis, the writer uses the sociological theory of literature and social class theory to analyze the novel. The method used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method. The findings and analysis that can be found in the novel are about differences in social class and also the differences and similarities of materialism in the two novels. This class difference is created because of the existence of social class groups, where they classify their social class, namely the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. Where the upper class doesn't want to accept the middle or lower class into their group. The difference in social class is measured by power or wealth, privilege and prestige which affect the position, lifestyle, habits and behavior between the upper, middle and lower classes so that the gap between the three classes is so striking. The conflict that occurs is a gap in social status within a group and family life or relationships. Keywords: Materialism, Social Class, Comparative Literature, Crazy Rich Asian, The Winner Stands Alone vii ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul "Materialisme yang Digambarkan dalam The Winner Stand Alone and Crazy Rich Asians: A Comparative Literature". Penulis menggunakan novel sebagai objek penelitiannya yaitu novel Crazy Rich Asian (2013) karya Kevin Kwan dan novel The Winner Stands Alone (2008) karya Paulo Coelho. Analisis ini membahas bagaimana materialisme digambarkan dalam novel Crazy Rich Asian dan novel The Winner Stands Alone. Dalam skripsi ini penulis menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra dan teori kelas sosial untuk menganalisis novel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan dan analisis yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut adalah tentang perbedaan kelas sosial serta perbedaan dan persamaan materialisme pada kedua novel tersebut. Perbedaan kelas ini tercipta karena adanya kelompok kelas sosial, dimana mereka mengklasifikasikan kelas sosialnya yaitu kelas atas, kelas menengah dan kelas bawah. Dimana kelas atas tidak mau menerima kelas menengah atau bawah ke dalam kelompoknya. Perbedaan kelas sosial diukur dari kekuasaan atau kekayaan, keistimewaan dan prestise yang mempengaruhi posisi, gaya hidup, kebiasaan dan perilaku antara kelas atas, menengah dan bawah sehingga kesenjangan antara ketiga kelas tersebut begitu mencolok. Konflik yang terjadi adalah kesenjangan status sosial dalam suatu kelompok dan kehidupan atau hubungan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Materialisme, Kelas Sosial, Sastra Bandingan, Crazy Rich Asian, The Winner Stand Alon viii TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ................................................................................. iv COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .............................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. vii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I:INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ................................................................................. 6 1.3 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 6 1.4 Scope of the Study ...................................................................................... 7 1.5 Significances of the Study ........................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II:REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Theory of Literature .................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Theme ............................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Plot .................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Character ......................................................................................... 10 2.1.4 Setting ............................................................................................. 10 2.1.5 Point of view ................................................................................... 10 2.2 Sociology of Literature ............................................................................. 11 2.3 Materialism ............................................................................................... 12 2.4 Social Class ............................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 The Upper Class.............................................................................. 15 2.4.2 The Middle Class ............................................................................ 15 2.4.3 The Lower Class ............................................................................. 16 ix 2.5 Postmodernism .......................................................................................... 18 2.6 Comparative of Literature ......................................................................... 18 2.7 Previous Studies ....................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER III : METHOD