Security and Justice in Jalisco Scenarios and proposals Security and Justice in Jalisco Scenarios and proposals Marcos Pablo Moloeznik Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano (Coordinators) La presente publicación “Seguridad y justicia en Jalisco. Escenarios y propuestas”, es financiada por el Proyecto número 4233, del Consejo Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología de Jalisco (coecytjal), México. Esta obra es de libre acceso por ser producto de un proyecto de investigación, con la sola condición de ser citada en caso de utilizarse dicho producto. Primera edición 2016 D.R. © 2016, Consejo Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología de Jalisco (COECYTJAL) D.R. © 2016, Colectivo de Análisis de la Seguridad con Democracia, AC (CASEDE) D.R. © 2016, Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Coordinación Editorial Juan Manuel # 130, Zona Centro 44100 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México Visite nuestro catálogo en http://www.publicaciones.cucsh.udg.mx/ ISBN: 978-607-9490-23-2 Impreso y hecho en México Printed and made in Mexico Contenido Prologue . 7 Itzcóatl Tonatiuh Bravo Padilla Presentation. Jalisco in the security crossroads . 11 Raúl Benítez Manaut & Sergio Aguayo Quezada Introductory Study . 15 Marcos Pablo Moloeznik & Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano Chapter I. Jalisco, history, society and politics: towards integral security 30 Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano Chapter II. Challenges and perspectives of public security and penal justice in Jalisco . 57 Jorge Alejandro Góngora Montejano Chapter III. Homicides in Mexico. Jalisco on the violence map . 73 Ulises Vargas Gutiérrez Capítulo IV. Violence in Jalisco: analysis of high-impact crimes, 2001-2015 . 88 Radamanto Portilla Tinajero Capítulo V. The challenges of the Judiciary in the state of Jalisco in the implementation of the new penal justice system . .104 Jorge Chaires Zaragoza Capítulo VI. The public defender’s office in Jalisco . .121 Azul A. Aguiar Aguilar Capítulo VII. Good practices for Jalisco to develop the potential of the new criminal justice system . .139 Guillermo Raúl Zepeda Lecuona & Paola Guadalupe Jiménez Rodríguez Capítulo VIII. Balance and challenges of security as a public policy in the state of Jalisco . .165 Marcos Pablo Moloeznik Capítulo IX. Jalisco on the drug traffic scene . .185 Carlos Antonio Flores Pérez Capítulo X. Jalisco the new generation: a local-global drug traffic epicenter . .202 Tomás Martínez Sánchez Capítulo XI. The role of the armed forces in Jalisco . .231 Martha Patricia Solís Minor About the authors . .251 Prologue In the year 2015, the escalade of violence closes with a crisis of (in) security in the state of Jalisco which is unparalleled in its recent his- tory. In that context, the demand for public security and justice has become the main concern and request by the citizenry, in accordance with the results of the most reliable opinion polls, as well as of the more diverse and representative sectors of our entity. In view of the State’s failure to fulfill its obligation to guarantee the right to security for everyone who lives in our community, the University of Guadalajara, in compliance of all and every one of its substantial functions (teaching, generating knowledge and establis- hing links), has been systematically carrying out significant contribu- tions in the areas of security, human rights and the justice for years. Suffice it to illustrate with the following examples: a) Masters in Forensic Sciences, an academic project shared by the University Centers for Social Sciences and Humanities and Health Sciences, training and graduating experts with university degrees from the Ja- lisco Institute of Forensic Sciences, b) Masters in Law, in particular degrees in Public Security and Justice Administration, with multi- plying effects on the different operators of the penal justice system in the western-central region of Mexico, c) Masters and PhD in Poli- tical Sciences, specially through the degrees in international politics, geopolitics and security, d) Bachelor’s Degree in Citizenry Security, through the Virtual Educational System, an initiative that transcends the national borders, and) the teaching of subjects on the universi- ty network, with contents on the different dimensions of security, human rights and the variants of penal justice, f) Bachelor’s degree Theses and postgraduate courses on the topic of security, penal re- form and correctionalism, g) research projects and products led by research professors in said subject matters, particularly in the Uni- versity Centers for Social Sciences and Humanities (CUCSH) and for Economic Administrative Sciences (CUCEA), h) diffusion of the re- search results at national and international academic forums and on 7 Itzcóatl Tonatiuh Bravo Padilla the media, i) link with the institutions and organizations responsible for ensuring public security and penal justice in Jalisco and its mu- nicipalities, j) Creation and development of the Network for Public Policies at the University itself, which has served to articulate efforts by the whole university community, k) collaboration with The Te- chnical Secretariat of the Coordination Council for the Implemen- tation of the Penal Justice System (Setec), an organ that belongs to the Ministry of Interior in charge of coordinating the actions of the three government levels for the implementation of the adversarial criminal justice system, l) integration of university experts in the In- ter-institutional and Multidisciplinary Group (GIM), in charge of the diagnosis and evaluation of the situation of violence against women in the entity, m) internationalization, through training and linking activities with the International Penal Justice System, the Internatio- nal Red Cross Committee and various United Nations Organization and Organization Of American States bodies. In this framework, this University acknowledges that the causes and implications of (in) security and violence are multi-sector or mul- tifactorial and they arise in a set of risks and threats of great magni- tude and complexity, one that is transnational and extra-territorial in nature and they require the greatest possible number of approaches and views from the academic sector for its optimal understanding. Just like in the rest of the country, in Jalisco the three gover- nment orders and the three powers of the Union concur and are jointly responsible, for attaining the preservation of the people’s rights and patrimony, as well as ensuring Jalisco’s territorial security and its strategic position in life of the republic, which is today deeply jeopardized by crime. It should be pointed out that the solution to the problem is no doubt compounded by Jalisco’s regional, national and international boundaries. In the view of which, the University of Guadalajara is pleased to present to society at large and to the decision makers, in particular, the collective work entitled Security and justice in Jalisco. Scenarios and proposals, under the coordination of Marco Pablo Moloeznik and Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano, renowned CUCSH research pro- fessors, in their urgent quest to put together the jigsaw puzzle of the lack of goals, by means of a joint vision, in a vital connection at- 8 Prologue tempt, that reveals the uncomfortable, embarrassing detail, the num- ber with a face and the anguish of the Jalisco people, as well as their expectations and most heart-felt and legitimate longings. In other words, this is a book that aspires to the double look: one by a microscope that dissects the precision of human data, and one by a telescope, which keeps driving the convergences between the local and the global. With this object, a collection of carefully selected studies and essays is compiled by a group of distinguished local, national and international specialists, who highlight the complexity of the pheno- menon of (in) security and violence in Jalisco and who seek to go be- yond the analysis by presenting viable proposals for public policies. This way, the University of Guadalajara contributes, in a fra- mework of plurality and academic freedom, to the generation of pertinent knowledge as one of its main functions, in response to the social demands for respect to the pople’s right to security and justice which, at the end of 2015, is far from coming true in Jalisco and in our country. ITZCÓATL TONATIUH BRAVO PADILLA Rector General de la Universidad de Guadalajara 9 Presentation Jalisco in the security crossroads Raúl Benítez Manaut* Sergio Aguayo Quezada* The book Security and justice in Jalisco, published by the Univer- sity of Guadalajara and Colectivo de Análisis de la Seguridad con Democracia, AC (CASEDE), (Association for the Analysis of Secu- rity with Democracy) whose editorial work was undertaken by two renowned scholars, Marcos Pablo Moloeznik and Abelardo Rodrí- guez Sumano, is a necessary, urgent work. CASEDE conducts research and debate forums on Mexico’s secu- rity. It has already published The security and defense Atlas of Mexico 2009 and 2012, and the 2015 version is almost finished. It is very im- portant to CASEDE to cover, little by little, the security analysis in the states of the country. That is where one of the greatest voids lies in the studies and debates established between scholars and those who follow the topics of violence, drug trafficking and security in Mexico. So far Morelos’s atlases covering Morelos and the metropolitan area of Puebla and Tehuacan1 have been published. This book on Jalisco also covers these voids. Its advantage is that most of its contributions