604 0 1 9 745 6 88 Special Study Juniata and W e s tern D iv i sions Pe nnsylv ani a Mai n Li ne Canal Printed on recycled paper by D av id F ritz B l m nsen A . erle C e e Juniata and W e ste rn D iv isions Pe nn sylv ani a Mai n Li ne Canal United States Department of the Interior National Park Se rvice A CKNOWLEDG EMENTS Numerous people gave of their time and aided us in researching and writing this report . Our ' thanks go to Randall Cooley and his staff at America s Industrial Heritage Project . William Wolford of Indiana , Pennsylvania , walked the canal divisions and recorded the extant features e as well as photographed them . W valued the efforts of the people in the Pennsylvania of Historical and Museum Commission, Division Archives and Manuscripts, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania . iii ACKNOWLEDG EMENTS Numerous people gave of their time and aided us in researching and writing this report . Our ’ thanks go to Randall Cooley and his staff at America s Industrial Heritage Project . William of Wolford Indiana , Pennsylvania , walked the canal divisions and recorded the extant features r We as well as photog aphed them . valued the efforts of the people in the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Division of Archives and Manuscripts, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania . iii A cknowledgement s List of Photographs Western Division Juniata Division An f P Chap ter I . Overview o th e Juniata and Western Divisions of the ennsylvania Main Line Canal Background Early Pennsylvania Canal Proposals Main Line Canal Construction The Juniata Division The Western Division Canal Operation Sale of the Main Line Abandonment E h n Chapter II . xtant Features of t e Western and Juniata D ivisio s Western Division Juniata Division t E A i R P rt i n t t n Chap er III . xtant rch val ecords e a ni g o the Juniata and Wes er D ivisi ons of the Pennsylvania Mai n Line Canal Part A Bibliographical Essay ’ r i Part B Listing of Archival Materials Derived From Hube t s M . Cummings ’ Pennsylvania Board of Canal Commissioners Records with Allied Records of anal om anies hartered b the ommonwealth escri tive Index C C p C y C , D p , Concentrating on Records Concerning the Juniata Division and the Western Division ’ Part C Listing of Archival Materials Derived from Adelaide R . Hasse s Bibli ography Index of Economic Material in Documents of the States of the United States , Concentrating on Documents Concerning the Juniata Division and the Western Division of the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal ' Sim netti s Part D Listing of Archival Materials Derived from Martha L . o ' Inventory of Canal Commissioners Maps in the Pennsylvania State Archives (1 968) B ibliography LIST O F PHOTOG RAPHS Western D ivision Photograph 1 The lower end of the culvert at mile The arched canal culvert is visible inside a larger railroad culvert Photograph 2 Site of outlet lock 1 at mile Only the depression on the left remains of this lock Photograph 3 Site of lift lock 2 at mile The circular depression in the center contains the site of this lock Canal with water at mile Site of guard lock 2 at mile This view looks through the remains at the guard lock Photograph 6 Remnant of the Flat Run towpath bridge west abutment at mile Photograph 7 Remnant of the Flat Run towpath bridge east abutment at mile Remains of the towpath at mile Remains of a Long Run towpath bridge abutment at mile Photograph 1 0 View down Blackleg’ s Creek at the site of the aqueduct at mile Photograph 1 1 Site of the canal in Canal Park in Saltsburg at mile ' Photograph 1 2 Foundation of the lock 8 locktend er s house in Canal Park in Saltsburg at mile Photograph 1 3 Remains of the canal viewed from the High Street bridge in Saltsburg at mile Remains of an arched canal culvert at mile Remains of an arched canal culvert at mile View through the area at the site of lock 9 at mile Canal with water at mile Remnant of the waste gate at mile Site of the Elder' s Run aqueduct at mile Site of lock 1 1 at mile Remains of the canal and towpath (on left) at mile Canal with water at mile Site of lock 1 6 at mile Basin and canal above dam and guard lock 5 at mile Photograph 25 Remains of the arched towpath culvert at mile Photograph 26 Remains of the west abutment of the McG ee Run towpath bridge at mile Canal with water at mile Remains of an arched canal culvert at mile Remains of the towpath at mile Site of lock 4 at mile Well preserved arched canal culvert at mile Remains of a canal bridge abutment at mile Remains of a towpath crossover bridge abutment at mile Photograph 34 Remains of guard lock 1 at mile Photograph 35 Remnant of the southwest abutment of dam 1 at mile Photograph 36 Remains of a revetment wall at mile Photograph 37 View through lock 5 showing the intact stone walls at mile View of the canal prism with some water at mile Remains of guard lock 2 at mile Remains of the revetment wall above guard lock 2 and the dam at mile Photograph 41 Remnant of the towpath crossover bridge south abutment at mile Photograph 42 Remains of the waste gate at the lower end of lock 8 at mile Photograph 43 Remains of the Tubmill Creek aqueduct east abutment at mile which has been incorporated into a later railroad bridge Photograph 44 Remains of the Lockport aqueduct wing walls and abutments at mile which have been incorporated into a later railroad bridge ’ Photograph 45 Partly collapsed end of the Reed s Run canal culvert at mile Photograph 46 Canal prism with water at mile Photograph 47 Remains of the upper end of the guard bank at dam 4 at mile Remains of the top of the East Reservoir dam used as a feeder for canal water at Hollidaysburg Photograph 49 Remains of the canal channel with some water at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 50 Site of the canal channel at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 51 Northeast abutment of Three Mile Dam at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 52 Site of outlet lock 33 with the towpath bridge abutment on the right at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 53 A view of the towpath across the Juniata River and above the pipeline at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 54 Remains of the towpath bridge west abutment at mile below Hollidaysburg which has been incorporated into a railroad bridge vi Photograph 55 Remnant of the south wall of guard lock 25 at ’ Sch mucke r s Dam at mile below Hollidaysburg ’ Photograph 56 Remains of the Sch mucker s Dam north abutment at mile below Hollidaysburg ’ Photograph 57 Remains of guard lock 23 at Porter s Dam at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 58 Remnant of a wing wall and abutment at Small Aqueduct at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 59 A pier of Large Aqueduct at mile below Hollidaysburg which has been incorporated into a railroad bridge Photograph 60 Site of lift lock 2 1 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 6 1 The remnant of lift lock 20 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 62 A shallow depression marks the site of outlet lock 1 6 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 63 A well preserved flat lintel stone towpath culvert at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 64 A well preserved flat lintel stone towpath culvert at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 65 Crumbling stone remains of the Little Water Street Dam northwest abutment at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 66 A well preserved stone wall at the Water Street inlet at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 67 Remains of the canal channel along side of a road between Alexandria Borough and Porter Township at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 68 Partial remains of a stone side wall at lift lock 9 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 69 View down the remains of guard lock 5 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 70 Canal channel with water at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 71 Site of lift lock 2 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 72 Remains of lift lock 1 at mile below Hollidaysburg Photograph 73 Remains of the guard lock at the Raytown Feeder Dam at mile below Huntingdon E N N S Y LV A N IA PE NNS YLVANIA MAIN LINE CANAL We s te rn Div i s i on J uni ata Div i s i o n unia y re OO NA WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA Loc at lo n North Pe nns ylvania Main Line Canal Unite d S tate s Department Of The Interior National Park S e rvice ’ DS C February 93 957 20053 Not To S cale AN RVIEW O F U IA A AND W R I I I CHAPTER I. OVE THE J N T ESTE N D V S ONS O F THE PENNSYLVANIA MAIN LINE CANAL B ACKG ROUND Y During the American colonial period several towns such as Boston , New ork, Philadelphia , and Baltimore developed into main trading ports . Merchants in those locations prospered . At first their main domestic trading areas were nearby, but gradually these sources of trade of extended over ever greater distance . By the time the American Revolution , a sufficiently large number of people had moved westward to warrant the extension of trade routes farther and farther inland .