JlltW ~ork ~rtbunt l}botograpbtc ~tstorp of tf)_t ~reat War mlttNttolotk atribunt Photographic History of the Great War A CONTEMPORARY RECORD OF EPOCH-MAKING EVENTS FROM OFFICIAL SOURCES, DIPLOMATIC CORRESPO:-.r­ DE:-.rCE, MILITARY ORDERS and PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHfBlTS (SEE THE INSIDE BACK COVER FOR A PULL DESCRIPTION OP THIS WORK) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF FRANCIS TREYELYAN .MILLER, LITT.D., LL.D. Editor-in-chief of the ten volume "Pholograph.ic History of the Civil War," l''ounder of "The Jo11rnal of American History" ASSOCIATE EDITORS ADVISORY BOARD OF 1\'ULITARY EGBERT GILLISS·· HANDY AUTHORITIES Founder of The Search-Light Library Major-General A. W. Greely, U.S. A. Major .John Bigelow, U. S. A. WALTER R. BICKFORD Captain A. L. Conger, U. S. A. Formerl.IJ of Editorial Board of the "Photographic Rear-Admi~al Austin M. Knight, U. S. N. Hi8tory of the Ciuil War" and "The Journal of Re:tr-Ad ·niral Brnrlley A. Fisk.-. (). S. N. Amerir.an History." Rear-Admiral Coluy :\1. Cliester, U. S. N. SPECIAL INVESTIGATORS HERBERT GEORGE WINTBRSGILL GABRIEL SCHLESINGER,. B. S., M". A. The Venerable College of St. Thomas De Urbe at Rome Columbia University " Dulwich College, England La/~ of London Standard SYMPOSIU~ O,F CONTEMPORARY OPINIONS BY AMERICAN HISTORIANS Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, LL.D., Litt.D., Dr. Lyman P. Powell, LL.D., D.D. Ph.D. Preaident of Hobart and William Smith College1 President of Col1lmbia Un·iveraity Dr. George C. Chase, LL.D., D.D. Dr. John Grier Hibben, LL.D., Ph.D. Pre.•ident of Bates College President of Princeton Univer.'tity Dr. Flavel S. Luther, LL.D., Ph.D. Dr. Wllllam H. P. Faunce, LL.D., D.D. President of 1'n"nit11 ('allege Pre.'tid.ent of Brown Unir,eraity Dr. Guy Potter Benton, LL.D., D.D. Dr. WUllam D~Witt Hyde, LL.D., D.D., S.T.D. President of University of Vermo11t President of Bo1cdoin College Dr. Albert A. Murphree, LL.D. Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, LL.D., LJtt.D., Ph.D. Pre.vidtnl of U ni1•e'rsity of Plorida Professor of Gor:ernment in Harvard · UniMrsity Dr. Samuel Black McCormick, LL.D., D.D. Dr. Charles W. Eliot, LL.D., Ph.D. Pruident of Unioer.vity of Pittab~trgh President Emeritu.:t of Harrard University J. C. Futrall, M. A. Dr. Arthur Twining Hadley, LL.D., Ph.D. Preaident of Uniflersity of Arkansa1 Pruidrot of Yale U niversit.IJ Dr. Clyde A. Duniway, Ph.D. PrPsidenl of U~tiver.vity of Wyo·ming Dr. Benjamin Ide Wheeler, LL.D.,Lilt.D.,Ph.D. President of University of California Dr. James W. Cain, LL.D. Pre.vident of Washi11glon College Dr. Charles R. Van Hise, LL.D., Ph.D. Dr. Mary E. Woolley, LL.D. President of Uninersity of w,:scot~ain Pr~.•ident of Jfounl Hol!JOke Go/lege Dr. G. Stanley Hall, LL.D., Ph.D. Dr. Thomas Fell, LL.D., Ph.D. Pre~tident of Clark University Prnident of St . ./olzn'.v College Dr. Charles Franklin Thwing, I.L.D.; D.D. Dr. William Milligan Sloane, LL.D., Ph.D. Pre~tidwl of We.vtern Reserve University Professor in Col~tmbia University Dr. Joseph Swain, LL.D. Dr. Irving Fisher, Ph.D. Pre.vident of Swarthmore College Profe. .•.vor of Pol-itiral· f:ronomrJ, Yale Univeraity Dr. Elmer Ellsworth Brown, LL.D., Ph.D. Dr. Brander Matthews, LL.D., Litt.D. Chancellor of New York University ------Professor of Literature in Columbia Univeraity OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS AND PROCLAMATIONS BY THE GOVERNMENTS The contents of this work are based on official documents issued by the governments, including the diplomatic papers, and conferences with the Ambassadors of the belligerent Powers Published Weekly by The Tribune Association at No. 154 Nassau St., N. Y. Subscription Price- Ten Cents a copy; $1.25 a Quarter; $5.00 a Year. P hot ographs and te.ct copynght, 1914., by Tribune Association. Application for entry at post office of New York as second cl ass matter. Photograph from collection of Paul Thompson. FIRST BOMBARDMENT OF THE GREAT WAR-Photograph showing the ruins of a private home in Belgrade, destroyed by the first shots of the Great War exchanged between Austrian and Serviau troops on July 29, 1914, the day following Austria's declaration of war. The shells that wrought this ru·in came from across the river Save. (20::!) Photograph by Lamp, of Rome, Italy-collection of International News Se1vice. DEI!'E 'DERS OJ~ THE SERVIAN NATIO:\IAL CAPITAL-Photograph taken on the outskirts of ~ish in Servia, the tem­ porary capital of King Peter's kingdom, to which he and his court, as well as government officials, fled two hours after diplomatic relations were severed between Austria and Servia. on July 25, 1914. Here is shown a. Servian encampment. (204) ECTICUT LIBRARY EMBATTLED CITY WITH GLORIOUS LINEAGE-Nish, once the Servian capital, has !tad a turbulent history. On the edge of the city stood for many years the famous "Tower of Skulls," consisting o( heads of Servians killed by Turks in the revolution of 1809. Nish was the birthplace of Constantine the Great, and celebrated among Romans. (2Qij) FIRST FRENCH BATTLEGROUND IN THE GREAT WAH-Photograph showing French siege guns captured at Longwy, "France, where the advance of the German Army of the Moselle met the French Army on August 2, 1914, in the first struggle for supremacy. This marked the beginning of the most sanguinary battles in military history. •I Photographs from collection of Paul Thompson. "IRON GATE OF FRANCE," LONGWY-Photograph showing the destroyed fortifications guarding Longwy, which King Louis XIV. called the "iron gate of France." Lying on the Luxemburg frontier, it became the objective of the German invasion after their occupation of Luxemburg. Longwy had fallen into Prussian hands three times before. (206) Contemporary Judgment by American Historians Condemnation of the war-fanatics who sow the seed and are reaping the han·est of international hate. Abhorrence of autocracy everywhere; but mosl intC'nse abhorrence of it where culture and enlightenment make it mo. t of an anachronism. Pity for the millions of artisans and peasants who are driven like cattle to slaughter; for their widows, parents and orphans left in desolation; and for the physical, mental and moral deterioration of the contending nations. Ad­ miration for the soldiers of all nations who freely put country before life; and for the statesmen of whatever nations have looked beyond their own immediate ad­ ,·antage to the ultimate effect of their action on humanity. Determination to establish courts and treaties which shall brand the nation that rushes into war "·ithout appeal to the judgment of di interested parties as an outlaw among I1ations, :md an enemy of the human race. Hope that the perfection of the machinery of murder will make men revolt from the cruelty of using it. Trust that increasing international brotherhood in industry, trade, art, society and religion will speedily eradicate the brutal instincts on which the war-fever feeds. These are the senti­ ments with which Americans contemplate the horror of this needless, u eles ~ , "·icked, wanton war. WILLIA:Vl De\VITT HYDE, LL.D., D.D., S.T.D., President of Bowdoin College (Maine). Incredulity, horror, despair, have been the dominant emotions the last month. It seemed incredible that civilization should revert to barbarism for the method of settling its differences-that the difficulty between Austria and Servia, entirely possible of adjustment by arbitration, should be the occasion for a great war. The incredible happened, and horror and despair followed. The sense of horror deepens as the war becomes a terrible reality, but despair is giving way to the conviction that good must come, eventually, even out of this world-wide disaster. It is not unreasonable to hope, and to believe, that this will be the last great war of this so-called cit"':h'zed world. The awful waste, economic and human; the pulling down of the fabric, material, social, intellectual and moral, that civilization has built up by the slow work of generations; the setting back of the progress of the world, will be apparent as never before, and even ruthless ambition, greed and race hatred "'ill be held in check by the keener realization of the tremendous loss involved. And a new force must be reckoned with, also, as never before. This is· not a people's war; the people have had little or nothing to do with its making. In­ dustries paralyzed and destroyed, homes wrecked, thousands upon thousands of lives sac1ificed-and to what end? That is the question that will unite humanity and win untold multitudes to the cause of international peace. This is not a people's war; neither is it a women's war. Women have had little to do with the making of wars;-they have had much to suffer from the wars that have been made. The old argument that women should have no voice in government, because they could not bear arms to defend it, will give place to the new argument that they should have a voice, because their united voices will be for peace. It is not of slight significance that women representing all the warring nations can march side by side in a great peace parade. It is rather symbolic of the attitude of women on this great question, an augury of a happier future. MARY E. WOOLLEY, LL.D., President of Mount Holyoke College (Massachusetts). (207) I Photograph from collection of Underwood & Underwood. Copyright, 1914. FIRST BELGIAN RESISTANCE TO THE GERMAN INVADERS-Photograph showing the destroyed bridge over the river Meuse at Vise, Belgium, which the Belgians wrecked to halt the advance of the right tlank of the German Army of the Meuse on August 4, 1914.