SeriesSeriesSeries ISSN: ISSN:ISSN: 2153-5418 2153-54182153-5418 TEUBNER • TEUBNER WOODS • WOODS TEUBNER • WOODS MMM MorganMorganMorgan & & & ClaypoolClaypoolClaypool PublishersPublishersPublishers SSSYNTHESISYNTHESISYNTHESIS LLLECTURESECTURESECTURES ONONON DDDATAATAATA MMMANAGEMENTANAGEMENTANAGEMENT &&&CCC SeriesSeriesSeries Editor: Editor:Editor: M. M.M. Tamer TamerTamer Özsu, Özsu,Özsu, University UniversityUniversity of ofof Waterloo WaterlooWaterloo DataDataData ProcessingProcessingProcessing ononon FPGAsFPGAsFPGAs DataDataData ProcessingProcessingProcessing ononon JensJensJens Teubner, Teubner, Teubner, Databases DatabasesDatabases and andand Information InformationInformation Systems SystemsSystems Group, Group,Group, Dept. Dept.Dept. of ofof Computer ComputerComputer Science, Science,Science, TU TUTU Dortmund DortmundDortmund LouisLouisLouis Woods, Woods,Woods, Systems SystemsSystems Group, Group,Group, Dept. Dept.Dept. of ofof Computer ComputerComputer Science, Science,Science, ETH ETHETH Zürich ZürichZürich RoughlyRoughlyRoughly a aa decade decadedecade ago, ago,ago, power powerpower consumption consumptionconsumption and andand heat heatheat dissipation dissipationdissipation concerns concernsconcerns forced forcedforced the thethe semiconductor semiconductorsemiconductor industry industryindustry FPGAsFPGAsFPGAs tototo radically radicallyradically change changechange its itsits course, course,course, shifting shiftingshifting from fromfrom sequential sequentialsequential to toto parallel parallelparallel computing. computing.computing. Unfortunately, Unfortunately,Unfortunately, improving improvingimproving performanceperformanceperformance of ofof applications applicationsapplications has hashas now nownow become becomebecome much muchmuch mor mormoreee difficult difficultdifficult than thanthan in inin the thethe good goodgood old oldold days daysdays of ofof frequency frequencyfrequency DATA PROCESSING ON DATA FPGAS PROCESSING ON DATA FPGAS PROCESSING ON FPGAS scaling.scaling.scaling. This ThisThis is isis also alsoalso affecting affectingaffecting databases databasesdatabases and andand data datadata processing processingprocessing applications applicationsapplications in inin general, general,general, and andand has hashas led ledled to toto the thethe popularity popularitypopularity ofofof so-called so-calledso-called data datadata appliances—specialized appliances—specializedappliances—specialized data datadata processing processingprocessing engines, engines,engines, where wherewhere software softwaresoftware and andand hardware hardwarehardware are areare sold soldsold togethertogethertogether in inin a aa closed closedclosed box. box.box. Field FieldField programmable programmableprogrammable gate gategate arrays arraysarrays (FPGAs) (FPGAs)(FPGAs) increasingly increasinglyincreasingly play playplay an anan important importantimportant role rolerole in inin such suchsuch systems.systems.systems. FPGAs FPGAsFPGAs are areare attractive attractiveattractive because becausebecause the thethe performance performanceperformance gains gainsgains of ofof specialized specializedspecialized hardware hardwarehardware can cancan be bebe significant, significant,significant, while whilewhile powerpowerpower consumption consumptionconsumption is isis much muchmuch less lessless than thanthan that thatthat of ofof co cocommoditymmoditymmodity processors. processors.processors. On OnOn the thethe other otherother hand, hand,hand, FPGAs FPGAsFPGAs are areare way wayway moremoremore flexible flexibleflexible than thanthan hard-wired hard-wiredhard-wired circuits circuitscircuits (ASICs) (ASICs)(ASICs) and andand can cancan be bebe integrated integratedintegrated into intointo complex complexcomplex systems systemssystems in inin many manymany different differentdifferent ways,ways,ways, e.g., e.g.,e.g., directly directlydirectly in inin the thethe network networknetwork for forfor a aa high-f high-fhigh-frequencyrequencyrequency trading tradingtrading application. application.application. This ThisThis book bookbook gives givesgives an anan introduction introductionintroduction tototo FPGA FPGAFPGA technology technologytechnology targeted targetedtargeted at atat a aa database databasedatabase audience. audience.audience. In InIn the thethe first firstfirst few fewfew chapters, chapters,chapters, we wewe explain explainexplain in inin detail detaildetail the thethe inner innerinner workingsworkingsworkings of ofof FPGAs. FPGAs.FPGAs. Then ThenThen we wewe discuss discussdiscuss techniques techniquestechniques and andand design designdesign patterns patternspatterns that thatthat help helphelp mapping mappingmapping algorithms algorithmsalgorithms to toto FPGA FPGAFPGA JensJensJens TeubnerTeubnerTeubner hardwarehardwarehardware so soso that thatthat the thethe inherent inherentinherent parallelism parallelismparallelism of ofof these thesethese devices devicesdevices can cancan be bebe leveraged leveragedleveraged in inin an anan optimal optimaloptimal way. way.way. Finally, Finally,Finally, the thethe book bookbook willwillwill illustrate illustrateillustrate a aa number numbernumber of ofof concrete concreteconcrete examples examplesexamples that thatthat exploit exploitexploit different differentdifferent advantages advantagesadvantages of ofof FPGAs FPGAsFPGAs for forfor data datadata processing. processing.processing. LouisLouisLouis WoodsWoodsWoods AboutAboutAbout SYNTHESIs SYNTHESIsSYNTHESIs ThisThisThis volume volumevolume is isis a aa printed printedprinted version versionversion of ofof a aa work workwork that thatthat appears appearsappears in inin the thethe Synthesis SynthesisSynthesis MORGANMORGANMORGAN DigitalDigitalDigital Library LibraryLibrary of ofof Engineering EngineeringEngineering and andand Computer ComputerComputer Science. Science.Science. Synthesis SynthesisSynthesis Lectures LecturesLectures provideprovideprovide concise, concise,concise, original originaloriginal presentations presentationspresentations of ofof important importantimportant research researchresearch and andand development developmentdevelopment topics,topics,topics, published publishedpublished quickly, quickly,quickly, in inin digital digitaldigital and andand print printprint formats. formats.formats. For ForFor more moremore information informationinformation visitvisitvisit www.morganclaypool.com www.morganclaypool.comwww.morganclaypool.com & & & CLAYPOOLCLAYPOOLCLAYPOOL ISBN:ISBN:ISBN: 978-1-62705-060-9978-1-62705-060-9978-1-62705-060-9 MorganMorganMorgan & & & ClaypoolClaypoolClaypool PublishersPublishersPublishers 999000000000000 SSSYNTHESISYNTHESISYNTHESIS LLLECTURESECTURESECTURES ONONON DDDATAATAATA MMMANAGEMENTANAGEMENTANAGEMENT www.morganclaypool.comwww.morganclaypool.comwww.morganclaypool.com 999777888111666222777000555000666000999 M.M.M. Tamer TamerTamer Özsu, Özsu,Özsu, Series SeriesSeries Editor EditorEditor Data Processing on FPGAs Synthesis Lectures on Data Management Editor M. Tamer Özsu, University of Waterloo Synthesis Lectures on Data Management is edited by Tamer Özsu of the University of Waterloo. e series will publish 50- to 125 page publications on topics pertaining to data management. e scope will largely follow the purview of premier information and computer science conferences, such as ACM SIGMOD, VLDB, ICDE, PODS, ICDT, and ACM KDD. Potential topics include, but not are limited to: query languages, database system architectures, transaction management, data warehousing, XML and databases, data stream systems, wide scale data distribution, multimedia data management, data mining, and related subjects. Data Processing on FPGAs Jens Teubner and Louis Woods 2013 Perspectives on Business Intelligence Raymond T. Ng, Patricia C. Arocena, Denilson Barbosa, Giuseppe Carenini, Luiz Gomes, Jr. Stephan Jou, Rock Anthony Leung, Evangelos Milios, Renée J. Miller, John Mylopoulos, Rachel A. Pottinger, Frank Tompa, and Eric Yu 2013 Semantics Empowered Web 3.0: Managing Enterprise, Social, Sensor, and Cloud-based Data and Services for Advanced Applications Amit Sheth and Krishnaprasad irunarayan 2012 Data Management in the Cloud: Challenges and Opportunities Divyakant Agrawal, Sudipto Das, and Amr El Abbadi 2012 Query Processing over Uncertain Databases Lei Chen and Xiang Lian 2012 Foundations of Data Quality Management Wenfei Fan and Floris Geerts 2012 iii Incomplete Data and Data Dependencies in Relational Databases Sergio Greco, Cristian Molinaro, and Francesca Spezzano 2012 Business Processes: A Database Perspective Daniel Deutch and Tova Milo 2012 Data Protection from Insider reats Elisa Bertino 2012 Deep Web Query Interface Understanding and Integration Eduard C. Dragut, Weiyi Meng, and Clement T. Yu 2012 P2P Techniques for Decentralized Applications Esther Pacitti, Reza Akbarinia, and Manal El-Dick 2012 Query Answer Authentication HweeHwa Pang and Kian-Lee Tan 2012 Declarative Networking Boon au Loo and Wenchao Zhou 2012 Full-Text (Substring) Indexes in External Memory Marina Barsky, Ulrike Stege, and Alex omo 2011 Spatial Data Management Nikos Mamoulis 2011 Database Repairing and Consistent Query Answering Leopoldo Bertossi 2011 Managing Event Information: Modeling, Retrieval, and Applications Amarnath Gupta and Ramesh Jain 2011 Fundamentals of Physical Design and Query Compilation David Toman and Grant Weddell 2011 iv Methods for Mining and Summarizing Text Conversations Giuseppe Carenini, Gabriel Murray, and Raymond Ng 2011 Probabilistic Databases Dan Suciu, Dan Olteanu, Christopher Ré, and Christoph