Canadian Public Health Associutizn 650 College Street, Toronto 5 U_I!_ER_ITY YGUELPH I .-t ON O GRICULTURAL COLLEGE Dep_'tme_t of Environmental Biology • ° , "_7"__ '_r-_ I.7..____,_ X-,_, /__-" __'_ Y _ _7" _ --_ _ A, 4r--- • ' GUELPH o ONTARIO o CANADA o N1G 2W1 o (519) 824-4120 | MANTF_TFOR, _NIT_RY INSPECTORS prepared un_r the direotion of R.D. DEFRIES, C.B.E., _._.D.,D.P.H. Director, School of Hygiene and Connaught Medica! Research Laboratories Universityo of Toronto Contributors J.H. Baillie, MeD., D.P.H. A.M. Fallis, B.A., Ph.D. A.E. Berry, M.A.Sc., C.E., Ph.D. R. St. J. _cdonald, M.D._.P.H. W. Gordon Brown, _LD., D.P_H. E.W. McHenry, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. F.M.R. Bulmer, M.D., B.Sc.(Med.) N.E. MoKinnon, I_.B. G.A.H. Burn, B.A.Sc. D.R.E. MncLeod, B.A., _I.D.,B.Sc. (Med.), J.G. Cunningham, B.A., M.B., D.P.H. D.P.H. E.L. Davey, M.D., D.P.H. A.S. 0'Hara, M.R.San.I., C.S.I.(C.) R.D. Defries, C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H. L.A. Pequegnat, M.B., D.P,H. G.A. Edge, V.S., D.V.M., D.V.P.H. A.R.B. Richmond, V.S., B,V.Sc. R.J. Wilson, _I.A._M,D._,D.P.H, O Published by the CANadIAN PbBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION ° 150 College Street, Toronto 5 September i 1947 o CONTENTS Public Health Organization in Canada......................................... 1 Department of National Health and Welfare ................................. 1 Functions of the National Health Division .............................. 2 Branches of the National Health Division ............................... 3 Provincial Departments of Health.. .......,................................ 5 eoooeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeee_e•oeeoee• •eeoc••eeoc Qe J jLocal Health Services.._. 5b Food Control: _esuonsibilities of the Federal, Provincial, and Municipal Health Authori- ties in the Control of Food ............................................ 6 Food in Relation to Health: Nutrition...,................................ 9 Food in Relationto Health: Food Poisoning.............................0.Ii C_nned Foods, ..............................................................15 Sanitation: ' Milk. .................•........,...........................................17 Milk and Communicable Diseases.. .......................................17 Inspection at the Farm. ......,.........................................18 Washing and Sterilization of Dairy Farm Utensils.................,....,25 Transportation ..........................................................28 \ JJ Examination of Milk .@osooToeeeeooe_ooo_eeooooeoooeooeeeeoee • , leeoeoeeeoee 31 Bovine Tuberculosis of Cattle., .........................................34 Preparation of _AilkProducts, including Ice Cream, Butter, Cheese, and Evaporated, Condensed, and Powdered Milk................................37 Engineering Defects in Dairies. ............................................43 Beverage Plants...... .............................•........................46 Meat InspectionOoeee.oGoosge o ee geGo.oeoeoeooo oe@oo_eoooeoo o eeee e eoe.eo • ee ee_ 50 Slaughter Houses...........................................................54 Inspection or Poultry and Game .qpoe • • oct e oaJ ee • • "OQO o no.coco o o eee e o o Joe eoooeo. 58 Inspection of Poultry Killing Plants. ......................................60 Fish and Shellfish. ........................................................62 Inspection of Public Eating and Drinking Places ............................63 Recommended Standards for Public Eating Establishments ..................69 _Environmental Sanitation: Water Supplies €.............•..............................................76 Sewerage Systems and Waste Disposal. .......................................92 Plumbing and Drainage.. ......................................,............108 Ventilation and Heating ....x..................................'...........117 Lighting @eoeeeooeeeeeoeoooeoeos_eeeeeeoeeoeeeeee eoeeoooaoe@oeeoo_oeoooeoeeo 122 Housing ........................................,..........................131 Model Provincial Housing Regulations ...................°....•.....•....133 Industrial Hygiene....,....................................................144 Dangerous Dusts and FLLmoS,.............................,..................150 The Full Time Sanitary Inspector Ooeeee " eoo ee Qe e • e • eeoc. • • oee°eooeeqbeeoqDeee 155 Industrial Camp Sanitation................................................156 Regulations Governing Barber Shops Ooooeeo@eeqD eeoc eeo eee ego. oeeeo eo • ooeoqJo. 162 Common Insects............................................................163 The Use of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas. .......................................170 A Review of the Uses of the Insecticide DDT .inthe Control of Insect Pests affecting Humans ...............................................171 /Methods of Disinfection ...................................................175 Con_nunicableDiseases: V Q Sourmes and Modes of Infection .llOo.ooooeoeeee coo oeeeooeemoeoee.oe • coo (J • e° • 179 Defences of the Body .............,........................................1_6 Infection • @@@e@ooooo_o,eooe • eeo,eeoeoooee e.e e_e eeeeoeooeeeeeoeeeeeoeoo_e. ..187 ll_unity .eooeeoeeeeo • eeeeeeeeeoOoeoeeeoeeeoetoeeeoeoeeeee,eeoeeeeoeoeeoeee 188 Definitions of Common Terms in Communicable Disease Control...............189 Eosential Measures in Control............. ........ 191 The Common Cold. ........................ ....... .192 I1_fluenza..................................... ,. .192 Pneumonia. ................................ ,....... 193 Tuberculosis (in Man)...'.... .......................... 194 Diphtheria .............................,................. 195 Neasles (Rubeola) ........................................ 196 _ German _easles (Rubella) ................................. 197 Chickenpox (Varicella) ............................,...... 198 _!_amps(Infectious Parotitis) ............................. 198 Smallpox (Variola) ....................................... 199 Poliomyelitis ...._...................................o... 200 Typhoid Fever, Paratyphoid Fever A and B ...o.....oo...°.. 200a Cholera ............................,........._...o....... 201 Dysentery, Bacillary ............ _........_.,.........._o 202 Dysentery, Amoebic (Amoebiasis) .o.................°.°5.°° 202 _alaria _......_........................o_._........_o_,_ 203 Plague _Bubonic and Sylvatic) ...........o_ ............o_ 204 Typhus Fever _,....o............ .............oo o....... 204 Roc_j Mountain Spotted Fever ..................._......... 204 Worm I_festatio_ ............... .....................,o. 205 Pin_1ormInfection ....,...... ......................... 205 Fish Tape_orm Infection ........... ................... 205 Hookworm Infection ....... .............°o.o_o....°o.... 206 _ipv_orm Infection ......... .......................... 206 Ascariasis ............... .................°.......... 207 Trichinosis .............. ............................ 207 Pork Tapeworm Infection .... ........................... 207 Beef Tape_vormInfection., ...,........................ 208 Dwarf Tape_orm Infection . ............................ 208 Rat Control ...............................................209 Venereal Diseases .......e.....-.....-.o°.-._......°.-.... 210 Syphilis ...............................,................ 210 Gonorrhoea .............,..........o..................°. 211 Chancroid. ............................................. 212 Lymphogranuloma Venere_m ............................... 212 Granuloma Inguinale .................................... 212 Prevention and Control of Venereal Diseases ............ 212 Responsibility of the Sanitary Inspector ............... 213 Provincial Legislation ...............................°. 213 Ringworm ................................................. 214 Scabies .................°..................o.......•..... 214 Impetigo ................................................. 214 Pediculosis ..................... ......................... 215 Tetanus ............................... ................... 216 Gas Gangrene ......................................•.......216 Actinomycosis ............................................ 216 Anthrax .............._................................... 216 Rabies ................................................... 217 Septic Sore Throat 217 O Tuberculosis (Bovine5 ......................................oooeoolooe.eeoeo.oe@eooo@eoeeoeoeeoo 217 T_raemia ..... 218 _Indg,_VitalS_t[_eT.[B_l_i_iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiill" 218.... 219 The Ethical Conduct of the Sanitary Inspector ......,.......... 222 o 76 ENV.TRON_AL SANITATION WATER SUPPLIES The fact that water is such an every-day requirement for domestic purposes makes it essential that it be readily Obtainable. Likewise, the knowledge that easesit canmakescarryitdisease-producingimperative that itbebacteriasafeandandbeofresponsiblegood quality.for a number of dis- Water is procured from several sources and is made available to the consumer by numerous methods. Private wells, springs and surface waters continue to supply a large part of the population of most countries, especially the rural areas. Elaborate and complicated treatment plants and distribution systems areneeded for urban centres. These two general conditions are very different and yet in each there is_an attempt to make available for the consumer an abundant supply of safe and palatable water. Convenience of the supply is always a consideration. L_eislation on Water Control The safety of water is a matter of such public importance that much legis- lation has been passed