C M Y K Winter 2010 Vol. 3 No. 4 Winter 2010 Vol. 3 No. 4 Vol. ISSN 2005-0151 C M Y K Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration Winter 2010 Vol. 3Cultural No. Heritage 4 Administration, Republic of Korea Tel | 82-42-481-4731 Fax | 82-42-481-4759 http://english.cha.go.kr Published | November 25, 2010 Published by | Cultural Heritage Administration Republic of Korea Publication | Yi Kyung-hoon management Director of International Affairs Division Content | Yeo Sung-hee, Park Jung-eun, Kim Min-ok Cover coordination Translation | Lee Kyong-hee The cover design features tightrope walk- Proofreading | Ted Chan ing. Black symbolizes winter. The symbol- ism originates from the traditional “five Design Editing | Graphic Korea Co., Ltd Winter 2010 Vol. 3 No. 4 · directional colors” based on the ancient Printed by | Graphic Korea Co., Ltd Chinese thought of wuxing, or ohaeng in Korean. The colors were associated with Cultural Heritage Administration, 2010 seasons and other phenomena in nature, including the fate of humans. For a story This publication is copyrighted. No part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. about tightrope walking, see Page 37. copyright Cultural Heritage Administration KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website. ( http://english.cha.go.kr ) 3 | 4 ADMINISTRATOR’S NOTE KOREAN FOlK Customs Korean Intangible Heritage Recognized by UNESCO Making Winter Kimchi Three items of Korea’s traditional cultural heritage — architectural carpentry, lyrical Making kimchi to be eaten during the winter is song cycles and falconry — have earned international recognition. The UNESCO In- a major seasonal chore of Korean families, like tergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage making sauces in the summer. Preparing winter decided on November 16, at its fifth session held in Nairobi, Kenya, to add them to the kimchi, called kimjang, involves a method for Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. storing vegetables in the cold weather. The time for kimjang differs slightly from region to region, The latest inscription brings the total number of Korean items on the Representative but its season generally coincides with ipdong on List to 11. The inscription of falconry, in particular, is noteworthy. The time-old sport, November 7-8, the traditional time when winter is said to arrive. The quantity of involving the use of trained raptorial birds for hunting, was jointly nominated by 11 winter kimchi depends on the number of family members or other needs, but some countries, including Korea, the United Arab Emirates, Belgium, France and Mongolia. families consume as many as 100 heads of cabbage. It is the first joint inscription by countries from various cultural spheres of the East and the West. There are many kinds of kimchi, but winter varieties are mostly made of cabbage In the latest session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee, Korea was also and radish with various spicy ingredients, including garlic, green onion, ginger, wa- renamed a member of the committee’s subsidiary body for 2011. The six-member body, ter dropwort, and red chili powder. Salt and pickled seafood are also indispensable founded in 2003 in accordance with the Convention for the Safeguarding of the In- for seasoning and helping fermentation. The most popular type of winter kimchi is tangible Cultural Heritage, is responsible for screening Representative List nominees. “whole cabbage kimchi” (tongbaechu kimchi). It is made by soaking cabbage cut in a Korea also served as a member in the 2009-2010 term. few vertical pieces in salt water; rinsing them and draining the water; cutting various ingredients and mixing them with chili powder and fish paste; and putting the mixture Through our role in the subsidiary body the Cultural Heritage Administration will in- between the cabbage leaves. The other two popular types are red diced radish kimchi crease its efforts to help in the international preservation and transmission of the intan- (kkakdugi) and white radish kimchi in water (dongchimi). gible cultural heritage of humanity. We believe that we can further strengthen our cul- tural capability through our activities with the body. We will also provide administrative Kimchi varies in recipe and method from one region to another and among families. and financial assistance so the Korean items on the Representative List can be better In general, people in warmer regions prefer saltier types of kimchi due to problems in preserved and promoted more actively at home and abroad. preservation. Maturing at constant temperatures around 5°C guarantees the optimum taste. In the past, winter kimchi was put in pottery jars and buried. Straw mats covered the storage site. Yi, Kun Moo Administrator Cultural Heritage Administration Republic of Korea 5 | 6 Winter 2010 Vol. 3 No. 4 CONTENTS 07 World Heritage in Korea 29 Foreigner’s View Historic Villages of Hahoe and Yangdong Yangdong: Joseon Period Residential Architecture 11 Modern Heritage 33 Documentary Heritage Gunsan and Ganggyeong Old Maps of Korea and the World Colonial Extortion vs. Survival Struggle Geographical Views of Our Ancestors 17 Science for Cultural Heritage 37 Intangible Heritage The Sacred Bell of King Seongdeok Tightrope Walking, The Flower of Folk Yard Show Science Hidden in the Divine Sound 21 Photo Gallery 41 Natural Heritage Journey to the Snow Country Life with Big Old Trees In Search of Frost Flowers on Mt. Jiri World Heritage in Korea 7 | 8 1 2 Hahoe and Yangdong are living heritage sites, tage of the outstanding natural surroundings 2. Yangdong Village: The village developed along where their residents sustain the traditional produced by the different topography. The several small valleys run- lifestyle of Korean people, defying moderniza- villages seem disorderly at first glance, with ning in parallel from its main guardian mountain at tion. In this regard, their designation as World buildings situated to view a river or moun- Historic Villages of Hahoe and Yangdong the rear. Heritage sites carries greater significance as tains. But they actually mesh beautifully with Text & photos by Cultural Heritage Administration the international community has recognized the locale to create impressive landscapes, the value of Korean lifestyle in close harmony providing outstanding examples of traditional with nature. Korean villages in harmony with their natural environment. The overall spatial composition Spatial Composition and Landscape and the layout of buildings in both villages 1. Hahoe Village: A river Recognition as World Heritage Sites The committee noted that both villages have embraces the village from Hahoe and Yangdong are both in North Gyeo- stand for the traditional thought of Koreans three sides, hence the successfully maintained their traditional en- Hahoe and Yangdong, the two most repre- ngsang Province in southeastern Korea. Ad- regarding site selection and their Confucian name Hahoe Maeul, vironments, featuring residences of clan 3. A view of Mulbong Val- meaning the “river circling sentative historic villages of Korea, were ministratively, Hahoe belongs to the city of world view. ley in Yangdong Village. head families, pavilions, private study halls village.” inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Andong, and Yangdong to Gyeongju. Hahoe and academies for advanced learning. It also List at the 34th session of the World Heritage hugs the Nakdong River, which flows around highly valued efforts by the villages’ residents Committee, held on July 25 to August 3, 2010. three sides of the village, while Yangdong is in preserving the academic and artistic ac- nestled along ridges stretching from Mt. Seol- The committee said the two villages deserved complishments of ancient Confucian scholars, chang behind the village. In Hahoe, buildings the inscription because their layout and loca- seasonal customs, rituals marking significant face alleyways branching out in different di- tion fully reflect the distinctive social structure life passages such as weddings and funerals, rections from the main road, while buildings in and aristocratic Confucian culture of the early as well as religious practices, and in passing Yangdong stand along valleys amid mountain years of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Ha- these intangible legacies from generation to ridges extending from north of the village. hoe and Yangdong thus became Korea’s 10th generation. World Heritage sites. These ancient clan communities took advan- 3 World Heritage in Korea 9 | 10 in the inner quarters and men in the outer quar- Some of the most famous Confucian acad- ters. In both villages some financially pinched emies are found in Hahoe and Yangdong. noblemen lived in thatched roof houses, which The Confucian academies (seowon) were tended to have floor plans similar to tiled roof private educational institutions which began houses. But thatched roof houses basically to emerge as Neo-Confucianism took root as represented the native housing style of the re- the guiding ideology of Joseon society. These gion. private academies, which combined the role Pavilions, Study Halls and Academies of sage veneration, were founded by influen- tial aristocratic scholars in their hometowns, The Confucian view of the world served as the mostly at scenic spots removed from provin- founding philosophy of these two elite clan cial or county administrative seats. communities. Hahoe and Yangdong