The Feasibility Study of the Flood Control Project for the Lower Cagayan River in the Republic of the Philippines Final Report Supporting Report ANNEX V : ENVIRONMENT THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT FOR THE LOWER CAGAYAN RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FINAL REPORT Volume III-1 SUPPORTING REPORT ANNEX V ENVIRONMENT Table of Contents Page CHAPTER 1 NATURAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................ V-1 1.1 Terrestrial Flora................................................................................................. V-1 1.1.1 Inventory Based on Secondary Data..................................................... V-1 1.1.2 The Results of On-site Survey.............................................................. V-1 1.2 Terrestrial Fauna................................................................................................ V-2 1.2.1 Inventory Based on Secondary Data..................................................... V-2 1.2.2 The Results of On-site Survey.............................................................. V-2 1.3 Protected Area................................................................................................... V-3 1.4 Aquatic Ecology................................................................................................ V-4 1.4.1 Inventory Based on Secondary Data..................................................... V-4 1.4.2 The Results of On-site Survey.............................................................. V-4 1.5 Water Quality .................................................................................................... V-5 1.5.1 Water Quality Criteria.......................................................................... V-5 1.5.2 Classification of Rivers in the Cagayan Valley..................................... V-5 1.5.3 Results of Water Quality Measurements by DENR and BRS................ V-5 1.5.4 Results of Water Quality Sampling ...................................................... V-6 1.6 Air Quality and Noise........................................................................................ V-7 1.6.1 Ambient Air......................................................................................... V-7 1.6.2 Noise ................................................................................................... V-7 CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. V-9 2.1 Fisheries............................................................................................................ V-9 2.1.1 The Fishing Industry of Region 2......................................................... V-9 2.1.2 Fish Catch in the Cagayan River.......................................................... V-9 2.1.3 Fishing Practices.................................................................................. V-10 2.2 Navigation......................................................................................................... V-10 2.3 Water Rights...................................................................................................... V-10 2.4 Historical and Cultural Heritage and Recreational Spots.................................... V-11 2.5 Public Health and Sanitation.............................................................................. V-12 2.5.1 Vital Health Indices ............................................................................. V-12 2.5.2 Environmental Health and Sanitation................................................... V-12 2.6 Education .......................................................................................................... V-13 2.6.1 Current Situation on Performance Indicators........................................ V-13 2.6.2 Information from an Elementary School Teacher ................................. V-15 2.6.3 Countermeasures Being Undertaken for Reducing Drop Out Rate..................................................................................................... V-15 2.7 Minority Tribes (Indigenous People).................................................................. V-16 2.8 Informal Settlers (Squatters).............................................................................. V-17 2.8.1 Cagayan............................................................................................... V-18 V - i 2.8.2 Isabela ................................................................................................. V-18 2.8.3 Nueva Vizcaya..................................................................................... V-18 2.8.4 Quirino ................................................................................................ V-19 2.8.5 Ifugao .................................................................................................. V-19 2.8.6 Kalinga, Apayao and Mountain Province ............................................. V-19 2.9 Poverty Problem................................................................................................ V-19 2.9.1 Current Situation on Poverty................................................................ V-19 2.9.2 Results of MBN Survey....................................................................... V-20 2.9.3 The Results of Interview Survey .......................................................... V-20 CHAPTER 3 NATURAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.................................................................................... V-22 3.1 The Relationship between Project Activities and Impacts .................................. V-22 3.2 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ................................................................................ V-23 3.2.1 Terrestrial Flora ................................................................................... V-23 3.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna.................................................................................. V-24 3.3 Protected Area................................................................................................... V-25 3.4 Aquatic Ecology................................................................................................ V-25 3.5 Water Quality .................................................................................................... V-27 CHAPTER 4 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT..................................... V-29 4.1 Navigation......................................................................................................... V-29 4.2 Historical and Cultural Heritage ........................................................................ V-30 4.3 Minority Tribes.................................................................................................. V-30 4.4 Public Health and Sanitation.............................................................................. V-31 CHAPTER 5 NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ............................... V-33 5.1 EIS Legislation and Rationale of Conduct of EIA.............................................. V-33 5.1.1 EIS Legislation of the Philippines........................................................ V-33 5.1.2 Rationale of Conduct of EIA................................................................ V-34 5.2 Project Description and Impact Activities .......................................................... V-34 5.3 Prediction of the Impacts................................................................................... V-36 5.3.1 Flood Control Project........................................................................... V-36 5.3.2 Irrigation Development Project ............................................................ V-38 5.4 Mitigation Measures.......................................................................................... V-39 5.4.1 Flood Control Project........................................................................... V-39 5.4.2 Irrigation Development Project ............................................................ V-39 5.5 Evaluation of Impacts on Natural Environment.................................................. V-39 5.5.1 Methodology (Evaluation Factor/Index)............................................... V-39 5.5.2 The Results of Impact Evaluation ........................................................ V-40 CHAPTER 6 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ................................... V-42 6.1 Legislation on SIA of the Philippines................................................................. V-42 6.2 Project Description and Impact Activities .......................................................... V-42 6.3 Results of Basic Social Assessment Survey........................................................ V-43 6.3.1 Household Characteristics.................................................................... V-43 6.3.2 Income and Source of Livelihood ........................................................ V-43 6.3.3 Type and Size of Houses...................................................................... V-43 6.3.4 Public Facilities ................................................................................... V-43 6.4 Public Participation ........................................................................................... V-44 V - ii 6.4.1 Consultation Meeting Held .................................................................. V-44 6.4.2 Results of 1st Consultation Meeting..................................................... V-44 6.4.3 Results of 2nd Consultation Meeting ..................................................