Wai 863 Tararua District: Twentieth Century Land Alienation Report Steven Oliver A report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Wairarapa ki Tararua (Wai 863) district inquiry February 2004 Tararua District: Twentieth Century Land Alienation Report Table of Contents Introduction ________________________________________________________ vi Commission ____________________________________________________________ vii Section 1. Twentieth century land alienation issues__________________________2 1.1 Introduction__________________________________________________________ 2 1.2 Tararua twentieth century land alienation overview ________________________ 2 1.3 The Ikaroa District Maori Land Board ___________________________________ 4 1.5 Crown purchasing in the twentieth century in the Tararua district____________ 8 1.6 The pattern of Maori land alienation ____________________________________ 16 1.6.1 Crown purchase __________________________________________________________16 1.6.2 Private purchase __________________________________________________________19 1.6.3 The pattern of land alienation________________________________________________20 1.7 Reasons for alienation ________________________________________________ 23 1.7.1 Debt as a cause of alienation_________________________________________________24 1.7.2 Poverty as a reason for alienation_____________________________________________25 1.7.3 Developmental reasons for alienation__________________________________________25 1.7.4 Multiple ownership________________________________________________________26 1.7.5 Migration from the district __________________________________________________27 1.7.6 Poor quality of land _______________________________________________________27 1.8 Public works takings _________________________________________________ 28 1.9 Maori land development schemes in the Tararua district ___________________ 29 1.9.1 Crown development scheme activity __________________________________________30 1.9.2 The Maori Trustee and the Tiratu Station_______________________________________31 1.9.3 The Porangahau Consolidation Scheme ________________________________________34 1.10 The Maori Affairs Act 1953___________________________________________ 36 1.10.1 Uneconomic interests _____________________________________________________36 1.10.2 Private purchases. ________________________________________________________37 1.10.3 Consolidated orders ______________________________________________________38 1.11 The Maori Affairs Amendment Act 1967 and Europeanisation _____________ 38 1.12 The use of remaining Maori land ______________________________________ 40 1.12.1 Leasing ________________________________________________________________40 1.12.2 Farming by Maori________________________________________________________41 1.13 Summary of Land Alienation Figures __________________________________ 43 Section 2: Land alienation in the blocks and reserves of the Tararua district ____45 2.1 Introduction_________________________________________________________ 45 2.2 The Ahuaturanga reserve _____________________________________________ 45 2.4 The Moroa reserve ___________________________________________________ 48 2.5 Te Hoe/Karamana’s reserve (Ihuraua block) _____________________________ 49 2.6 The Kaitoki block ____________________________________________________ 49 2.7 The Mangapuaka block _______________________________________________ 59 ii 2.8 The Mangatainoka block ______________________________________________ 63 2.9 The Mangatoro block _________________________________________________ 76 2.10 The Ngapaeruru block _______________________________________________ 85 2.11 The Oringiwaiaruhe block____________________________________________ 92 2.12 The Otanga block ___________________________________________________ 97 2.13 The Otawhao block__________________________________________________ 97 2.14 The Piripiri block ___________________________________________________ 98 2.15 The Puketoi No. 6 block _____________________________________________ 100 2.16 The Rakaiatai block ________________________________________________ 100 2.17 The Tahoraiti No. 1 block ___________________________________________ 101 2.18 The Tahoraiti No. 2 block ___________________________________________ 113 2.19 The Tamaki block__________________________________________________ 140 2.20 The Tautane reserve________________________________________________ 146 2.21 Te Ohu block______________________________________________________ 148 2.22 The Tipapakuku block ______________________________________________ 149 2.23 The Tiratu block ___________________________________________________ 149 2.24 The Tuatua block (Te Whiti-a-Tara reserve) ___________________________ 153 2.25 The Tutaekara reserve ______________________________________________ 153 2.26 The Umutaoroa block_______________________________________________ 156 2.27 The Waikopiro block _______________________________________________ 156 2.28 The Wharawhara block _____________________________________________ 166 2.29 The Seventy Mile Bush (Wairarapa) reserves ___________________________ 169 2.30 The Mangahao reserves _____________________________________________ 170 2.31 The Eketahuna reserve______________________________________________ 171 2.32 The Pahiatua reserve _______________________________________________ 171 2.33 The Kauhanga (Mangahao 3) blocks __________________________________ 172 3. Report Summary _________________________________________________174 The pattern of alienation ________________________________________________ 177 4. Bibliography_____________________________________________________179 4.1. Primary sources ____________________________________________________ 179 4.2. Secondary sources___________________________________________________ 181 5. Appendix : The blocks and reserves of the Tararua district _______________183 iii List of Tables Table 1: Tararua twentieth century land alienation...................................................................................2 Table 2 : Crown land acquisitions in the Tararua district from 1900 .....................................................14 Table 3 : Land alienation summary from 1900.......................................................................................21 Table 4 : The Kaitoki No.2 partition of 30 September 1910. .................................................................50 Table 5 : The later Kaitoki partitions......................................................................................................53 Table 6 : The Kaitoki 2J blocks..............................................................................................................54 Table 7 : The Mangatainoka partitions, 1875-1887................................................................................63 Table 8 : The Mangatainoka 1A1 blocks................................................................................................64 Table 9 : The Mangatainoka 1BC blocks ...............................................................................................66 Table 10 : The Mangatainoka 4E2 blocks ..............................................................................................67 Table 11 : The Mangatainoka 2BH2 blocks...........................................................................................69 Table 12 : The Mangatainoka J blocks...................................................................................................70 Table 13 : The Mangatainoka J4F blocks...............................................................................................73 Table 14 : The Mangatainoka K2 blocks................................................................................................75 Table 15 : The Mangatoro block ............................................................................................................79 Table 16 : The Mangatoro 1A3C blocks ................................................................................................80 Table 17 : The Maori owned Ngapaeruru blocks in 1897 ......................................................................86 Table 18 : The Ngapaeruru blocks from 1898........................................................................................87 Table 19 : The Oringiwaiaruhe block to 1911........................................................................................92 Table 20 : The Oringiwaiaruhe blocks from 1911..................................................................................95 Table 21 : The Tahoraiti No. 1 blocks in 1900.....................................................................................101 Table 22 : The Tahoraiti 1A blocks......................................................................................................104 Table 23 : The Tahoraiti 1G blocks......................................................................................................109 Table 24 : The Tahoraiti 1H blocks......................................................................................................110 Table 26 : The Tahoraiti 2A2 blocks....................................................................................................117 Table 27 : The Tahoraiti 2A1 to 2A10 blocks......................................................................................120 Table 28 : The Tahoraiti blocks 2A11 to 2A22....................................................................................125 Table