FINAL KNKT 09.12.04.01 NNAATTIIOONNAALL TTRRAANNSSPPOORRTTAATTIIOONN SSAAFFEETTYY COOMMMMIITTTTEEEE C Aircraft Accident Investigation Report PT. Aviastar Mandiri PK – BRD British Aerospace BAe 146-300 Wamena Airport, Papua Republic of Indonesia 9 April 2009 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY COMMITTEE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA 2009 This Preliminary Factual Report was produced by the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), Karya Building 7th Floor Ministry of Transportation, Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat No. 8 JKT 10110, Indonesia. The report is based upon the investigation carried out by the NTSC in accordance with Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Aviation Act (UU No.1/2009), and Government Regulation (PP No. 3/2001). Readers are advised that the NTSC investigates for the sole purpose of enhancing aviation safety. Consequently, NTSC reports are confined to matters of safety significance and may be misleading if used for any other purpose. As NTSC believes that safety information is of greatest value if it is passed on for the use of others, readers are encouraged to copy or reprint for further distribution, acknowledging NTSC as the source. When the NTSC makes recommendations as a result of its investigations or research, safety is its primary consideration. However, the NTSC fully recognizes that the implementation of recommendations arising from its investigations will in some cases incur a cost to the industry. Readers should note that the information in NTSC reports and recommendations is provided to promote aviation safety. In no case is it intended to imply blame or liability. TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. III TABLE OF APPENDIXES ........................................................................................................................... IV GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ V SYNOPSIS ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1 FACTUAL DATA ................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 HISTORY OF THE FLIGHT ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2 INJURIES TO PERSONS ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 DAMAGE TO AIRCRAFT .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4 OTHER DAMAGE ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 PERSONNEL INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 4 1.5.1 Pilot in Command (PIC) ............................................................................................. 4 1.5.2 Copilot ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 AIRCRAFT INFORMATION ................................................................................................... 5 1.6.1 General........................................................................................................................ 5 1.6.2 Aircraft configuration ................................................................................................. 5 1.6.3 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System ............................................................ 7 1.6.4 Flight Crew Operations Manual and EGPWS Terrain System ................................... 7 1.6.5 Terrain database ......................................................................................................... 8 1.6.6 EGPWS manufacturer’s simulation from recorded data ............................................ 8 1.6.7 Corrected altitude calculations ................................................................................... 9 1.6.8 Defects ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.9 Weight and Balance .................................................................................................... 9 1.7 METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION .............................................................................................. 9 1.8 AIDS TO NAVIGATION .............................................................................................................. 10 1.9 COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 10 1.10 AERODROME INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 10 1.11 FLIGHT RECORDERS ................................................................................................................. 11 1.11.1 Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) ...................................................................... 11 1.11.2 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) ................................................................................. 12 1.11.3 Notable facts from the FDR and CVR ....................................................................... 12 1.12 WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION .................................................................................. 14 1.13 MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION ......................................................................... 16 1.14 FIRE.......................................................................................................................................... 16 1.15 SURVIVAL ASPECTS ................................................................................................................. 16 1.16 TESTS AND RESEARCH ............................................................................................................. 16 1.17 ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION............................................................. 16 1.17.1 P.T Aviastar Mandiri Airlines ................................................................................... 16 1.17.2 The Operator’s BAe-146 Flight Crew Operating Manual ........................................ 16 i 1.17.3 The Operator’s Company Operation Manual ........................................................... 17 1.17.4 The Operator’s BAe-146 Flight Simulator Training Program .................................. 19 1.17.5 The Operator’s Company Training Manual .............................................................. 19 1.18 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... 20 1.19 USEFUL OR EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES ............................................. 20 2 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 SIMULATION CONDUCTED BY EGPWS MANUFACTURER .......................................................... 20 2.3 OPERATING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................................... 21 2.4 WEIGHT & BALANCE ................................................................................................................ 21 2.5 THE CONDUCT OF THE FLIGHT IN THE WAMENA CIRCUIT AREA ............................................... 22 3 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 Aircraft ...................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 CREW ....................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Flight operations ....................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 FLIGHT RECORDERS ............................................................................................. 24 3.2.4 SURVIVABILITY ....................................................................................................... 25 3.2.5 SAFETY OVERSIGHT ............................................................................................... 25 3.3 CAUSES .................................................................................................................................... 25 4 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................... 26 4.1 SAFETY ACTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Missed approach procedure for runway