• FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series•N • ishing techniques in the : uha: fisheries Original Fangmethoden der «ThunfischereL From: Protokalle•zur Fischereiteàhnik.,,No'. 42, Vol. Pp: 197.-279. Translated by the Translation Bureau (PJW) Foreign Languages Division Department. of the Secretary of 8taté of Canada Fisheries-Research.Board. Of Canada Biological Station, St. Andrews; N. 1967 DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARy or ;TA e • SECRÉTARIAT DigTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAUDES ,TRADUC'TIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DIVISION DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES';'.. ' • • , . . • • • 'rout% No; DEP ArtTMENT. • 'DIVI.5IPN/BKANCq • vo -in No MINISTERE • •. DIVI .SiON/DIRECTION • 769-18-14 Fisheries .Editorier . • Ottawa • ' Researoh Board bUrt NOb ' • LANGUAGE TRANsLAToR (I P' TIALS) DATE NOTitE LANGUE • TRADUCTEUR ti.NITIALLb; 1111-1 , German pew 18.8.67 :Tranàlation. of artiàle . -ptihiished 4 àeparate-PUbilcation byy "Institut-für eangtechnik7 Hamburg' •.(Institilte for Catch Technilà,.flamburg) . 't - • • , • ,.. :.•• :i .„ . : ■ /7 --« / ' (. ,,,•-!•.1.( i . , • ' 1 , , ,. i ..f ' ' • . - 1 - s' '• 1 . '..,1 1 1 i! /, ,U'.e. y• 1 . „ • • • . .. v . rpeW4meDs----eli.-.E! • . :.. .I • • - . .reA . . (Fan'graethoden der Thuneiseherei) By Av Brandt Page •No. Original Trans- text lat ion Introduction • • 198 • • 3 . Catch methods • 202 11 - - A Harpooning and. shooting • • • 202 . 12 • B Catch after stupefying . • • 205' >. 16 . C Line fishery with hooks • • 206 • 17 1 • ole-and-line fishing with live bait . 206 : • 18 2 Troll--line fishing • 212 •. • 26 see s -2oo— io . 31 3 Delft lineS 4 Longlines. D Ripping hooIçs . .and E Catch constructions andiargeslz -ed - fishing traps 1 Catdh Chambers 2 Dalinnes 236 3 Madragues . 4 LarÉte-sized fishing traps madsicif .moddwOrk''.241: 5 Large-sized fishing traps made of netting 243,: 75 F Tràwl nets • 244 79 G Seine nets 246 H lurrounding nets - ,247 ,81 J Dip nets -264' : 111 K Gill nets 268 . 114 L Entangling nets . 270 116 Importance of various fishing methodà 270 118 Bibliography' 275 124 Translation of German and Scandinavian titles 129 -Tuna 'fishing. • is. regarded as one of thé important.: P:4 les branches of the fleing industry'in the World .. ' The • • - • : . , • ,ketting prospects for tlina•must le'describes 4- sis the: -oaSe eaSo with many kinds of crabs.--Has preauMably' - favour- able - for a long time to Come. - goreciver,.the fishery for 8Orrie ~ f the. fishes claSSified as'tuna:.(see bélOW) ja•nOt' confined to the vicinity of tha.doest:and. thuals:mot tie'd , •to thé extensive territorial - regions it is:rathera pelagie • fiahery which' may:aSsuhe the forma .of a. genuie. high4-saa- fiSher3r.- The world catch of tuna ha s increased considerably during the last years. Local small fisheries developed into large fisheries with a world-wide 'bade's. rlhis required not only a considerable financial outlay for ships and • •fishing gear, but also for support bases with harbour installations, cold storage facilities, ice factories, •processing plants, and transportation facilities. The world catch of tuna has increased from 500,000 tons in 1953 to •one million tons in 1963. It is expected that this increasing tendency will continue also during the next years in spite of the retrogression of the average daily catches in indivi- dual regions, and that in 1970 or, at the latest, in 1975 approximately 1.5 million tons of tuna-like fishes will be caught (compare Chapman, 1962). If in the fieery:of-the iedéral'RepublWWe of tuna, we have in mind exclusively thebliiefin thynnus) of the English-speaking.- fisheriea,.'the:Otchof which is carried oUt -bY oUr cutter *iShery:at.tiMes:with varying sticcess in the North Sea -(Tiéwe; should not be forgotten that in the fishingilndUStrYi- . We understand under "tuna" a number.ofsdiffererith -, Speoies.- The International World Tuna gonferencee ,Orranged in by FAO,speaks therefore, to be eUre'very carefullY;:cif - "tunas, bonitos and'related species".: Eçdàiever, of greate: economic importance are only the.follôming spegies:i: rerMan name -English name :SCIentifinaMe • Roter Thun Bluefin Tuna. ThunnUs thynnus. Gelbflossen-Thun Yellowfin:Tlina •Th. albacares Weisser Thun Albacore . Th. alalunga Grossaugen-Thun Bigeye Tuna - Th, OhesUS: Echter Bonito Skipjack Tuna •Euthynnils. pelamis These 5 fish species, together with the "nongenuine Bonitos", little tunas, Euthynnus alletteratus (see below), are frequently designated as "true tunas". But there are still very many other tuna-like fish the tuna fishery is interested in. The following table presents a general survey of the tuna-like fish of interest from an economic standpoint, including the ones alre&dy mentioned as of chief.eoonoMic• iMpàrtanW".., A. True Tunas .Roter Thun '(Bluefin tuna, ,una,- tunny,- horse mackerel, great albacore, 41ton rouge).Thunnus (Linnaeus-) tilynnus Distribution: world-wide in sub-tropical and warm- tempered seas Sub speC•es: a) Th. thynntis UinnÈteusAtlantic, NE Pacific • '.b).Th.- tilynnus-.orientallà. and Schlegel). Indopacific, Australia, South Africa-. Synonyms: Thunnus argehtivittatus W.. .Atlantic Th. Saliens, California Th. maccgyii,.Australia 1I am greatly indebted to Dr. G. Kreft of the "Institut für Seefischerei" (Institute for Se a-fishing) for letting me have the.following compilation. After the German names I gave •in parentheses -- as far as were known the English names according to Tibbo and McKenzie (1964) and after the .9.sign the French names. 2. Weisser Thun (Albacore,..1Ongfin,tlinsa, loneinnédtUna,. t Germon, ThOn blanci;)i ThunnUs. alglunge Distribution.: world-wide in aubl- tropical -seas . and . - . - ,deeper Water :layers...of:the- . tropics: Sub-spcleal SynonYms: aermo GermoGermà (or ThUnnàs)Thunnus) ff,f.rio, 'Eninaciftc: :Pacific Gelbflossenthun :(Yellowfin tuna, Allisoni3.:64nnY, albacore, 4 autuMn Albecore). ,.). Thtinnua. _ _ _ . albacares (Bonnat erre) Distribution: world-mide in, tropipal-beas . - 31lb-species: -- • Synonyms: Thunnua (or' Neothunnua) macrOpterus;', Indian Ocean, Pacific 4. arossaugenthun (Bigeye tuna); . Thunnila Obesua Lowe Distribution: world-wide:in tropical, in-part'alao sub-tropical aeaa Sub-species: ynonyms: Thunnus (or Parathunnus) mébachi; Indian Ocean" tt tt sibi, Pacific 5. 3,hwarer Thun (Bladkfih' tuna, >13ermudii Atlantic blackfin tuna , blackfin bonito) , Thunhua atlahtioUa ( Le aa on) • ".. • . • 6. • :Lang Sehwanz- Thun (.49 ngt 11 or • "No rtherh: . • • .. • . •. •-•.. Distribution: Red Sea, India to Philippines, Japan, - E. Australia nonym s : • •Kishionella tonp..gol In the statiatiealtableS;.the -làhgtail-tUnalas4à.11,Y - included with the bluefin tuna. listed as No. B. BOnitus (Little tunas.and skipjacka) 1. Echter Bonito'(Skipjack tuna,-ogean bonito,'Stripe bOnito,: - 4.Bonite ventre rayé), Euthynnua (KatsùWônus) • a pelamis (Linn.) Distribution: world-wide in tropical seas. 2. Rackenstreifiger_(Unechte_ .r) qonit_o_ (Little tuna, false albadore, bonito, + Thonine) Euthynnus (Euthynnus) alletteratua (iafinesque). • Distribution:- Mediterranean $eu , Tropical East and West • . Atlantic. PaAifisdhen F.alaChtr_Bp.nito (Black skipjag (Eullynnus) affinùâ (Cantor): Distribution: vëry Widely in thf: Indian and. Pacifie °cep:: Synonyms: Euthynnusf.yaito (Tapan; . • BaWai:i . s'OUthHSeà - Islands 4. Mittelamerikaniacher Bonito, EutWnUa. "(Euthynnua).*lineatlis (Kishinouye) Distribution: East Pacific California C. Pelamiden (Pelauds) 1. Pelpmide (Common bonito, Atlantic bonito, skipjack, horse mackerel,. 4 Bonite tà . dos .raye) . Sardamarda (Bloch) Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic 2. Indoezifischer Pelamide (Oriental Bonito), Sarde orientalis (Temminck & SchleMel) Distribution: Indian and Paoific Ocean, in tropica l. and - sub-tropical latitudes S. Chilenischer Pelamide, Sada chiliensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Distribution: Puget Sound to Cille Sub-species: S. chiliensis nhiliensis (C & V) qouth America ” u linealata (Girard), Calif., Mexico 4. -PerUan1Scherlamide(Bonito) Sarda velox (Meek P. 201 Ac Hildebrand) 'Distributicin: Lower Caiifornia:to Northern peru 5. (togtobth tUna), 'LlymnOsarda :Unieblor .(4epPell) Distribution: Red Sea, Laccadive Islands to Japan, East Australia, Marshall Islands 6. LeLpinn Bonito, Cybibsarda e•egans (Whitley.). .• Distribution:_ Coasts- of E and W Australia between ' • 20 and3,5°:S • ' . 1 • - • 7-, Plain Bonito . ( 4.Talomète),,Orcynopàis,unicolor (Geoffrey:- . St. Hilaire • - DistributlOri: Méditerranean . See,' Sub-'tropiCal. East. -Atlantic to • Senegal • 8. - Allothunnus fallai Serventy Distribution: Only few•spécimenS known: Auckland Islands, New Zealand, Tasmania, South Africa Dt„eq.Oete4 0 12.'WX 1. FyngutIMILkele (Frigate mackert ,thazard UElbépb4 Distribution. world-wide in tropicEll an • -SynOnyMO:' 2. Frngattmakrelejükieroqhei'(Ris*i) Diatribution: As b 1, but in - Vicinity'ef'ôoaSt s.. Occurrences in the-AtiatticiqUebtiOnablé • 3ynonyms A thYnnoidéS ,-. LL4fflemphsiA - E. Double-lined Mackerels Only one species: Gramhatorcynus bicarinatub (QUOy '8"c CaiMard) Distribution: In the.Indo-Pac#10,»but.infréquént: . .. The fish mentioned here differ considerably with regard to their economic evaluation, their occurrence •and their behaviour. Moreover, it is a known fact that in many-- if not all -- species of fish the young animals may differ in their behaviour from that of the old fish. This, of course, has a bearing on the catch technique and if here we speak quite generally of catch methods in tuna fishing,