Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 New Directions in Race, Ethnicity and Crime The disproportionate criminalisation and incarceration of particular minority ethnic groups has long been observed, though much of the work in criminol- ogy has been dominated by a somewhat narrow debate. This debate has con- cerned itself with explaining this disproportionality in terms of structural inequalities and socio-economic disadvantage or discriminatory criminal justice processing. This book offers an accessible and innovative approach, including chapters on antisemitism, social cohesion in London, Bradford and Glasgow, as well as an exploration of policing Traveller communities. Incorporating current empirical research and new departures in methodology and theory, this book also draws on a range of contemporary issues such as policing terrorism, immi- gration detention and youth gangs. In offering minority perspectives on race, crime and justice and white inmate perspectives from the multicultural prison, the book emphasises contrasting and distinctive influences on constructing ethnic identities. It will be of interest to students studying courses in ethnicity, crime and justice. Coretta Phillips is a Reader in the Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 Colin Webster is Professor of Criminology at Leeds Metropolitan University. This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 New Directions in Race, Ethnicity and Crime Edited by Coretta Phillips and Colin Webster Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Coretta Phillips and Colin Webster; individual chapters, the contributors. The right of Coretta Phillips and Colin Webster to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Phillips, Coretta. New directions in race, ethnicity, and crime / Coretta Phillips and Colin Webster. pages cm 1. Discrimination in criminal justice administration–Great Britain. 2. Crime and race–Great Britain. 3. Imprisonment–Great Britain–Social aspects. 4. Anti-Semitism–Great Britain. 5. Racism–Great Britain. 6. Criminology–Great Britain. I. Webster, Colin (Criminologist) II. Title. HV9960.G7P47 2014 364.3'400941–dc23 2013014038 ISBN: 978-0-415-54048-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-54049-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-10728-7 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Taylor & Francis Books Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 Contents List of tables vii List of contributors viii 1 Introduction: bending the paradigm – new directions and new generations 1 CORETTA PHILLIPS AND COLIN WEBSTER 2 ‘Antisemitism’ and anti-Jewish ‘hatred’: conceptual, political and legal challenges 18 PAUL IGANSKI 3 Negotiating identities: ethnicity, religion and social cohesion in London and Bradford 37 COLIN WEBSTER 4 We belong to Glasgow: the thirdspaces of youth ‘gangs’ and asylum seeker, refugee and migrant groups 55 ALISTAIR FRASER AND TERESA PIACENTINI 5 Citizenship and belonging in a women’s immigration detention centre 80 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 MARY BOSWORTH AND BLERINA KELLEZI 6 Black perspectives on race, crime and justice 97 SUZELLA PALMER 7 Configuring ethnic identities: resistance as a response to counter- terrorist policy 118 ALPA PARMAR vi Contents 8Offenders or victims? An exploration of Gypsies and Travellers as a policing paradox 139 ZOË JAMES 9 Inside white – racism, social relations and ethnicity in an English prison 160 ROD EARLE 10 New directions and new generations – old and new racism? 178 CORETTA PHILLIPS AND COLIN WEBSTER Index 187 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 List of Tables 4.1 Scottish population by ethnic group – all people 59 4.2 Ethnicity of population of Langview, Glasgow and Scotland (2002) 62 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 Contributors Mary Bosworth is Reader in Criminology and Fellow of St Cross College at the University of Oxford, and concurrently, Professor of Criminology at Monash University, Australia. She has published widely on race, gender and citizenship in prisons and immigration detention. Her books include Engendering Resistance (1999), The US Federal Prison System (2002), and Explaining US Imprisonment (2010). She is currently heading a five-year ESRC Starter Grant on migration, imprisonment, and detention. Rod Earle worked in youth justice in the London Borough of Lambeth in the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently academic lead for youth justice qualifica- tions in the Faculty of Health and Social Care at The Open University. He spent two years working full-time with Coretta Phillips on a research pro- ject examining men’s ethnic and social identities in prison. He is a found- ing member of the British Convict Criminology group that supports the development of criminological perspectives from those with first-hand experience of penal sanctions. Alistair Fraser is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociol- ogy, University of Hong Kong. His doctoral research involved a commu- nity ethnography in Glasgow, focusing on young people’s understandings and experiences of youth ‘gangs’. His research interests focus broadly, on youth crime and justice – incorporating gangs, subcultures, and street- based leisure – and qualitative research, particularly ethnography and oral Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 history. He is currently developing an agenda for comparative qualitative research on youth, globalisation and identity. Paul Iganski is Senior Lecturer in Social Justice, and Head of Department of Applied Social Science, at Lancaster University, UK. For over a decade he has specialised in research, writing and teaching on ‘hate crime’. His books on ‘hate crime’ include Hate Crime and the City (2008), Hate Crimes Against London’s Jews (2005, with Vicky Kielinger and Susan Paterson) and the edited volumes Hate Crime: The Consequences of Hate Crime (2009), and The Hate Debate (2002). He mostly conducts his research in collaboration with, or commissioned by, NGOs and the equalities sector. Contributors ix Zoë James is an Associate Professor (Senior Lecturer) at Plymouth Uni- versity. Her key research interests lie in policing issues, particularly relating to public order policing, plurality in policing and managing diversity. More recently, Zoë’s research has developed understandings of diversity in poli- cing within a rural context and as part of a consideration of ‘hate’ crime. Additionally, Zoë has carried out research projects on the management of anti-social behaviour, focusing particularly on the work of Family Inter- vention Projects. Zoë is also Chair of the South West branch of the British Society of Criminology. Blerina Kellezi is a Research Fellow and study co-ordinator at the Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham. She has previously held research positions at Freedom from Torture and Oxford University. She completed her PhD in psychology at the University of St Andrews. She has published on the impact of social identity on support, coping and well-being and is currently conducting a systematic review on interventions with torture survivors. Suzella Palmer is a Lecturer in Applied Social Studies at the University of Bedfordshire. Her research interests include young black people and crime, policing and black communities, and youth gangs and she has published in these areas. Outside of academia, Suzella is engaged in activities geared towards the empowerment of young people and African/African Car- ibbean communities through her work with youth and community groups and organisations in London. Alpa Parmar is a visiting scholar at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK. She was previously Principal Research Fellow at the University of Leeds prior to which she completed her post-doctoral research at the School of Law, Kings College London. Alpa has conducted research on counter-terrorist policy and the local community impact, eth- nicity, racism and crime, and is involved in a transnational comparative study of policing in India and the UK. She has a forthcoming book entitled Crime and the Asian Community: Disentangling Perceptions and Reality (Oxford University Press 2013). Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:38 24 May 2016 Coretta Phillips is a Reader in the Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She has published extensively in the field of ethnicity, crime and criminal justice,