College of the Canyons Intro to Women's Studies SOCI 200 VERSION 2 Sociology 200: Introduction to Women’s Studies 1 | Intro to Women’s Studies – College of the Canyons Attributions Written By Katie Coleman With Contributions from Robert Wonser and Kim Bonfiglio Published at College of the Canyons Santa Clarita, California 2017 Special Thank You to Natalie Miller and Trudi Radtke for assisting with editing, formatting, readability, & aesthetics This material is listed under a CC-BY 4.0 License. 2 | Intro to Women’s Studies – College of the Canyons Contents Sociology 200: Introduction to Women’s Studies ......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 - Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 What is Sociology? ................................................................................................................................ 6 Sociological Imagination ....................................................................................................................... 6 Sociological Theory ............................................................................................................................... 7 Waves of Feminism ............................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2 - Sex and Gender: What’s the Difference? ............................................................................. 13 Let’s talk about sex! ............................................................................................................................ 13 Gender Views Revisited ...................................................................................................................... 16 Cultural Diversity and Gender Norms ................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 3 - Know your Role! An Exploration into Gender Roles ............................................................ 23 Gender Socialization ........................................................................................................................... 23 Gender Differences and Theories of Development ............................................................................ 25 Piaget’s and Kohlberg's Cognitive Developmental Theory (Psychology) ............................................ 25 Social Learning Theory (Sociology) ..................................................................................................... 26 Parental Behavior toward Girls and Boys ........................................................................................... 26 Chapter 4 - Gender Inequality ................................................................................................................ 31 Females as a Minority ......................................................................................................................... 31 How did females become a Minority? ................................................................................................ 31 Traditional and Contemporary Violence against Women .................................................................. 32 Gender Inequality in the United States .............................................................................................. 36 Chapter 5 - Gender, Language, and Media ............................................................................................. 41 Gender Socialization ........................................................................................................................... 41 What the English Language is Made Of .............................................................................................. 41 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis ...................................................................................................................... 43 Media .................................................................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 6 - Gender, Emotions, and Relationships .................................................................................. 52 Sex, Gender, and Emotions ................................................................................................................. 52 Sex, Gender, and Friendship ............................................................................................................... 53 3 | Intro to Women’s Studies – College of the Canyons Sex, Gender, and Dating ..................................................................................................................... 55 Same-sex Dating Trends ...................................................................................................................... 58 Cohabitation........................................................................................................................................ 58 Sociology of the Family ....................................................................................................................... 59 Sex, Gender, and Marital Trends ........................................................................................................ 62 Disruption in Marriage ........................................................................................................................ 64 Chapter 7 - Gender, Sex, and Sexuality ................................................................................................... 66 The Social Construction of Sexuality ................................................................................................... 66 Binaries? More Like BYE-naries ........................................................................................................... 68 LGTBQ+ Identities ............................................................................................................................... 68 Problems with Heterosexual Focus ..................................................................................................... 70 Gender and Sexuality .......................................................................................................................... 72 Reproductive Freedom ....................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 8 - Gender and Education ......................................................................................................... 80 Learning Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 80 A Brief History of Education in the United States ............................................................................... 80 Elementary School .............................................................................................................................. 82 Secondary Schools .............................................................................................................................. 83 College and Graduate Schools ............................................................................................................ 84 Chapter 10 - Women and Work .............................................................................................................. 89 Work .................................................................................................................................................... 89 Women’s Work and Wages in the U.S. ............................................................................................... 90 Education and Work............................................................................................................................ 93 Sex, Race, and Work ............................................................................................................................ 94 Discrimination Against Working Women ............................................................................................ 96 Sex Segregation in the Workplace ...................................................................................................... 97 U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau ..................................................................................... 99 Balancing Work and Home ............................................................................................................... 100 Chapter 11 - Women and Crime ........................................................................................................... 101 Sociological Theories of Criminality .................................................................................................. 102 Women and Crime ............................................................................................................................ 105 United States Prison Landscape ........................................................................................................ 106 Women in Prison ............................................................................................................................... 108 4 | Intro to Women’s Studies – College of the Canyons Suggestions for Positive Social Change ............................................................................................. 110 5 |