Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3843-5 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: update 2018 Piet Maes1 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky2 · Yīmíng Bào3 · Martin Beer4 · Monica Birkhead5 · Thomas Briese6 · Michael J. Buchmeier7 · Charles H. Calisher8 · Rémi N. Charrel9 · Il Ryong Choi10 · Christopher S. Clegg11 · Juan Carlos de la Torre12 · Eric Delwart13,14 · Joseph L. DeRisi15 · Patrick L. Di Bello16 · Francesco Di Serio17 · Michele Digiaro18 · Valerian V. Dolja19 · Christian Drosten20,21,22 · Tobiasz Z. Druciarek16 · Jiang Du23 · Hideki Ebihara24 · Toufc Elbeaino18 · Rose C. Gergerich16 · Amethyst N. Gillis25 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez26 · Anne‑Lise Haenni27 · Jussi Hepojoki28,29 · Udo Hetzel29,30 · Thiện Hồ16 · Ní Hóng31 · Rakesh K. Jain32 · Petrus Jansen van Vuren5,33 · Qi Jin34,35 · Miranda Gilda Jonson36 · Sandra Junglen20,22 · Karen E. Keller37 · Alan Kemp5 · Anja Kipar29,30 · Nikola O. Kondov13 · Eugene V. Koonin38 · Richard Kormelink39 · Yegor Korzyukov28 · Mart Krupovic40 · Amy J. Lambert41 · Alma G. Laney42 · Matthew LeBreton43 · Igor S. Lukashevich44 · Marco Marklewitz20,22 · Wanda Markotter5,33 · Giovanni P. Martelli45 · Robert R. Martin37 · Nicole Mielke‑Ehret46 · Hans‑Peter Mühlbach46 · Beatriz Navarro17 · Terry Fei Fan Ng14 · Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes47,48 · Gustavo Palacios49 · Janusz T. Pawęska5,33 · Clarence J. Peters50 · Alexander Plyusnin28 · Sheli R. Radoshitzky49 · Víctor Romanowski51 · Pertteli Salmenperä28,52 · Maria S. Salvato53 · Hélène Sanfaçon54 · Takahide Sasaya55 · Connie Schmaljohn49 · Bradley S. Schneider25 · Yukio Shirako56 · Stuart Siddell57 · Tarja A. Sironen28 · Mark D. Stenglein58 · Nadia Storm5 · Harikishan Sudini59 · Robert B. Tesh48 · Ioannis E. Tzanetakis16 · Mangala Uppala59 · Olli Vapalahti28,30,60 · Nikos Vasilakis48 · Peter J. Walker61 · Guópíng Wáng31 · Lìpíng Wáng31 · Yànxiăng Wáng31 · Tàiyún Wèi62 · Michael R. Wiley49,63 · Yuri I. Wolf38 · Nathan D. Wolfe25,64 · Zhìqiáng Wú23 · Wénxìng Xú31,65,66,67 · Li Yang68 · Zuòkūn Yāng31 · Shyi‑Dong Yeh69 · Yǒng‑Zhèn Zhāng70 · Yàzhōu Zhèng31 · Xueping Zhou71 · Chénxī Zhū31 · Florian Zirkel21 · Jens H. Kuhn72 Received: 16 March 2018 / Accepted: 2 April 2018 © This is a U.S. government work and its text is not subject to copyright protection in the United States; however, its text may be subject to foreign copyright protection 2018 Handling Editor: Sead Sabanadzovic. Michael J. Buchmeier, Rémi N. Charrel, Christopher S. Clegg, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Joseph L. DeRisi, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, S. Lukashevich, Clarence J. Peters, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Víctor Romanowski, Maria S. Salvato and Jens H. Kuhn were the members of the 2014–2017 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group. Piet Maes, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Martin Beer, Thomas Briese, Charles H. Calisher, Rémi N. Charrel, Hideki Ebihara, Rakesh K. Jain, Amy J. Lambert, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes, Alexander Plyusnin, Connie Schmaljohn, Robert B. Tesh, Shyi-Dong Yeh and Jens H. Kuhn were the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Bunyaviridae Study Group. Michele Digiaro, Toufc Elbeaino, Giovanni P. Martelli, Nicole Mielke-Ehret and Hans-Peter Mühlbach were the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Emaravirus Study Group. Il Ryong Choi, Anne-Lise Haenni, Miranda Gilda Jonson, Takahide Sasaya, Yukio Shirako, Tàiyún Wèi and Xueping Zhou were the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Tenuivirus Study Group. Stuart Siddell was the Chair of the 2014–2017 ICTV Animal dsRNA and ssRNA-Viruses Subcommittee. Hélène Sanfaçon was the Chair of the 2014–2017 ICTV Plant Viruses Subcommittee. Extended author information available on the last page of the article Vol.:(0123456789)1 3 P. Maes et al. Abstract In 2018, the family Arenaviridae was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 5 novel species. At the same time, the recently established order Bunyavirales was expanded by 3 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may afect the order in the near future. Introduction In addition, the family Fimoviridae was created to accom- modate the previously “free-foating” plant virus genus The family Arenaviridae was established in 1976 to accom- Emaravirus, which was expanded by three species for newly modate predominantly murid viruses with bisegmented, discovered plant viruses [5, 6, 26] (TaxoProps 2016.016aP, ambisense single-stranded RNA genomes that form envel- 2016.017aP, 2016.018aP, and 2016.030a-vM). Finally, a oped particles with a “sandy” appearance [7]. Until recently, non-Linnean binomial species nomenclature was adopted the family was monogeneric, including the single genus for the entire family (TaxoProps 2016.020aM, 2016.023a- Arenavirus, with a steadily increasing number of species. cM, 2016.026a,bM, 2016.029aM.A.v2.Tenuivirus_spren, The taxonomy of the family was substantially amended and 2016.030a-vM). and emended [22] following the discovery of several dis- After the establishment of the order Bunyavirales, the tinct arenaviruses in alethinophidian snakes [4, 10, 24]. In ICTV Study Groups responsible for the taxonomy of Are- particular, the genus Arenavirus was renamed Mammarena- naviridae and Bunyavirales assigned unclassifed viruses virus, and a second genus, Reptarenavirus, was established to existing or novel taxa and continued streamlining order in 2014 for several of the newly discovered snake viruses. nomenclature in collaboration with other virus experts. Here A non-Linnean binomial species nomenclature was adopted we present the changes to both taxa that were proposed via for the entire family Arenaviridae [22] (ICTV TaxoProps ofcial TaxoProps at http://www.ictvonline .org/ in 2017 and [taxonomic proposals] 2014.011a-dV and 2014.012aV). that were accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee. These Since then, the genus Mammarenavirus has been extended changes are ofcial ICTV taxonomy as of March 2018. by 8 species for novel murid viruses discovered in Africa and Asia [3, 8, 11, 15, 21, 25] (TaxoProps 2014.013aV.A.v3. Mammarenavirus_2sp, 2015.001aM, 2016.014aM and Family Arenaviridae 2016.019aM.A.v2.Mammarenavirus_sp). The order Bunyavirales was established in 2017 to Taxonomic changes at the family rank accommodate related viruses with segmented, linear, sin- gle-stranded, negative-sense or ambisense RNA genomes In 2018, the family was extended by addition of a novel distributed among nine families (TaxoProp 2016.030a- genus, Hartmanivirus, for Haartman Institute snake virus vM). In particular, the then existing family Bunyaviridae (HISV) isolated from a captive boa constrictor in Finland was elevated to the rank of order. The three established [9, 10] (TaxoProp 2017.001M.A.v1.Hartmanivirus.zip). bunyaviral genera Hantavirus, Nairovirus, and Tospovi- The genus Mammarenavirus was extended by addition of rus were renamed Orthohantavirus, Orthonairovirus, and two novel species for Ryukyo virus (RYKV) and souris Orthotospovirus and included in the newly established virus (SOUV) discovered in mice in China and Cameroon, families Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Tospoviridae, respectively (TaxoProps 2017.002M.A.v2.Mammarenavi- respectively (TaxoProp 2016.030a-vM). The genus Ortho- rus_sp and 2017.003M.A.v1.Mammarenavirus_sp). Five nairovirus was expanded by fve species [13] (TaxoProp mammarenavirus species were renamed due to the ICTV 2016.026a,bM). The family Peribunyaviridae was created decision to disallow diacritic marks in taxon names (Taxo- to include the established bunyaviral genus Orthobunyavirus Prop 2017.001G.A.v2.43spren): Amaparí mammarena- and a new genus, Herbevirus, for bunyaviruses discovered virus, Junín mammarenavirus, Paraná mammarenavirus, in invertebrates [14, 17] (TaxoProps 2016.024a-dM and Pichindé mammarenavirus, and Sabiá mammarenavirus 2016.030a-vM). The family Phenuiviridae was created to were renamed Serra do Navio mammarenavirus, Argentinian accommodate the established bunyaviral genus Phlebovirus, mammarenavirus, Paraguayan mammarenavirus, Cali mam- the previously “free-foating” plant virus genus Tenuivirus, marenavirus, and Brazilian mammarenavirus, respectively, and two new genera, Goukovirus and Phasivirus, for novel whereas the member virus names remained unchanged invertebrate bunyaviruses [16] (TaxoProps 2016.022a-dM (TaxoProp 2017.001G.A.v2.43spren). Finally, the three rep- and 2016.027a-dM). Three new families, Feraviridae, Jon- tarenavirus species names Alethinophid 1 reptarenavirus, viridae, and Phasmaviridae, were established for newly Alethinophid 2 reptarenavirus, and Alethinophid 3 reptare- discovered invertebrate bunyaviruses [2, 14, 18] (Taxo- navirus were renamed Golden reptarenavirus, California Props 2016.021a-dM, 2016.025a-dM and 2016.028a-dM). reptarenavirus, and Rotterdam reptarenavirus. Two new 1 3 Arenaviridae and Bunyavirales taxonomy update reptarenavirus species were created for tavallinen suoma- Phasmaviridae lainen mies virus 2 (TSMV-2) and University of Giessen viruses 1–3 (UGV-1–3) discovered in captive boa con- In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank. strictors; several newly sequenced reptarenaviruses were assigned to existing species [9] (TaxoProp 2017.015M.A.v1. Phenuiviridae Reptarenavirus_2sp3ren). In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank. Tospoviridae Order Bunyavirales Taxonomic changes at the order rank In 2018, no changes were made at the family