Völuspá annotations Clément Besnier 2 Chapter 1 Introduction This work takes root from the difficulties I had in reading Old Norse poems without one or several translations, a dictionary, a grammar and much time. Moreover, while my interest for processing languages with automatic methods was growing, I found a community contributing to computational linguistics for classical languages: CLTK1. I immediately decided to join. I have contributed as described below: • added Old Norse stopwords • added a part-of-speech tagger for Old Norse • added copora of Old Norse poems and texts • added the Swadesh list of Old Norse • added Old Norse phonological transcriber • added Old Norse syllabifier • added alliteration finder and syllable length analyzer in verses • added Zoëga’s dictionary of Old Norse As interesting tasks like part-of-speech tagging need annotated data in order to train a supervised learn- ing algorithm, I have started annotating the Völuspá, because it is quite short and famous. Syllabified, lemmatized and part-of-speech tagged words may be found here2. Tools for Old Norse are available and any help, correction, feedback and suggestion are welcome. Clément Besnier3, 14th July 2018, Bléré. 1http://cltk.org/ and https://github.com/cltk/cltk 2https://github.com/cltk/old_norse_texts_heimskringla/tree/master/S%C3%A6mundar-Edda/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1/txt_files 3https://clementbesnier.fr 3 4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 Völuspá The Völuspá is the first poem of the Codex Regius, the main source of the poem. You may find a transcription in [Neckel G., 1983]. As you may notice, the poem spelling is normalized so that all Old Norse texts have a similar spelling. You may read a translation of the Poetic Edda in http://www.sacred- texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm or in [Larrington, 2014]. Each section represents a stanza. Each cluster is called a Germanic line and is composed of two verses. Verses are seperated by a longer white space. Under each token of the poem, there are its part-of-speech and its lemma as found in [Zoëga, 2004]. The parts-of-speech set is described in [Petrov et al., 2011]. (1) Hljóðs bið ek allar helgar kindir , NOUN VERB PRON ADJ ADJ NOUN PUNC hljóð biðja ek allr helgr kind , (2) meiri ok minni mögu Heimdallar ; ADJ CONJ ADJ NOUN NOUN PUNC mjök ok lítill mögr heimdallr ; (3) viltu at ek , Valföðr , vel fyr telja VERB CONJ PRON PUNC NOUN PUNC ADV CONJ VERB vilja at ek , valföðr , vel fyr telja (4) forn spjöll fira , þau er fremst of man . ADJ NOUN NOUN PUNC PRON CONJ ADV ADV VERB PUNC forn spjall firar , þau er framr of muna . (5) Ek man jötna ár of borna , PRON VERB NOUN ADV ADV VERB PUNC ek muna jötunn ár of bera , (6) þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu ; ADV CONJ ADV PRON VERB VERB PUNC þá er forðum ek fœða hafa ; 5 6 CHAPTER 2. VÖLUSPÁ (7) níu man ek heima , níu íviðjur , NUM VERB PRON NOUN PUNC NUM NOUN PUNC níu muna ek heimr , níu íviði , (8) mjötvið mæran fyr mold neðan . NOUN ADJ ADP NOUN PUNC mjötviðr mær fyr mold neðan . (9) Ár var alda , þat er ekki var , ADV VERB NOUN PUNC PRON CONJ ADV VERB PUNC ár vera öld , þat er ekki vera , (10) vara sandr né sær né svalar unnir ; ADV NOUN ADV NOUN ADV ADJ NOUN PUNC vara sandr né sær né svalr unnr ; (11) jörð fannsk æva né upphiminn , NOUN VERB ADV ADV NOUN PUNC jörð finna æva né upphiminn , (12) gap var ginnunga en gras hvergi . NOUN VERB NOUN CONJ NOUN ADV PUNC gap vera ginnungr en gras hvergi , (13) Áðr Burs synir bjöðum of yppðu , ADV NOUN NOUN NOUN ADV VERB PUNC áðr burr sonr bjöð of yppa , (14) þeir er Miðgarð mæran skópu ; PRON CONJ NOUN ADJ VERB PUNC þeir er miðgarðr mæran skapa ; (15) sól skein sunnan á salar steina , NOUN VERB ADV ADP NOUN NOUN PUNC sól skína sunnan á salr steinn , (16) þá var grund gróin grænum lauki . VERB NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN PUNC þá vera grund gróa grænn lauk . (17) Sól varp sunnan , sinni mána , NOUN ADV PUNC PRON NOUN PUNC sól verpa sunnan , sinn máni , 7 (18) hendi inni hægri um himinjöður ; NOUN DET ADJ ADP NOUN PUNC hönd inn hægr um himinjöðurr ; (19) sól þat né vissi , hvar hon sali átti , NOUN PRON ADV VERB PUNC ADV PRON NOUN VERB PUNC sól þat né vita , hvar hon salr eiga , (20) máni þat né vissi , hvat hann megins átti , NOUN PRON ADV VERB PUNC PRON PRON NOUN VERB PUNC máni þat né vita , hvat hann megin eiga , (21) stjörnur þat né vissu hvar þær staði áttu . NOUN PRON ADV VERB ADV PRON NOUN VERB PUNC stjarna þat né vita hvar þær staðr eiga . (22) Þá gengu regin öll á rökstóla , ADV VERB NOUN ADJ ADP NOUN PUNC þá ganga regin allr á røkstólar , (23) ginnheilög goð , ok um þat gættusk ; ADJ NOUN PUNC CONJ ADP PRON VERB PUNC ginheilagr goð , ok um þat gæta ; (24) nótt ok niðjum nöfn of gáfu , NOUN CONJ NOUN NOUN ADV VERB PUNC nótt ok niðr nafn of gefa , (25) morgin hétu ok miðjan dag , NOUN VERB CONJ ADJ NOUN PUNC morginn heita ok miðr dagr , (26) undorn ok aptan , árum at telja . NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN CONJ VERB PUNC undorn ok aptann , ár at telja . (27) Hittusk æsir á Iðavelli , VERB NOUN ADP NOUN PUNC hitta áss á iðavöllr , (28) þeir er hörg ok hof há timbruðu ; PRON NOUN CONJ NOUN NOUN VERB PUNC þeir er hörgr ok hof há timbra ; 8 CHAPTER 2. VÖLUSPÁ (29) afla lögðu , auð smíðuðu , NOUN VERB PUNC NOUN VERB PUNC afl laga , auðr smíða , (30) tangir skópu ok tól gerðu . NOUN VERB CONJ NOUN VERB PUNC tangi skapa ok tól gøra . (31) Tefldu í túni , teitir váru , VERB ADP NOUN PUNC ADJ VERB PUNC tefla í tún , teiti vera , (32) var þeim vettergis vant ór gulli , VERB PRON NOUN ADJ ADP NOUN PUNC vera þeir vættki vinna ór gullr , (33) uns þrjár kvámu þursa meyjar CONJ NUM VERB NOUN NOUN uns þrír koma þuss meyja (34) ámáttkar mjök ór Jötunheimum . ADJ ADV ADP NOUN PUNC ámáttigr mjök ór jötunheimr . (35) Þá gengu regin öll á rökstóla , ADV VERB NOUN ADJ ADP NOUN PUNC þá ganga regin allr á røkstólar , (36) ginnheilög goð , ok um þat gættusk , ADJ NOUN PUNC CONJ ADP PRON VERB PUNC ginheilagr goð , ok um þat gæta ; (37) hverir skyldi dverga dróttir skepja PRON VERB NOUN NOUN VERB hverr skulu dvergr drótt skepja (38) ór Brimis blóði ok ór Bláins leggjum . ADP NOUN NOUN CONJ ADP NOUN NOUN PUNC ór brim blóð ok ór bláinn leggr . (39) Þar var Móðsognir mæztr of orðinn ADV VERB NOUN ADJ ADV VERB þar vera móðsognir mættr of verða 9 (40) dverga allra , en Durinn annarr ; NOUN ADJ PUNC CONJ NOUN ADJ PUNC dvergr allr , en durinn annarr ; (41) þeir mannlíkan mörg of gerðu PRON NOUN ADJ ADV VERB þeir mannlíkan mögr of gøra (42) dvergar í jörðu , sem Durinn sagði . NOUN ADP NOUN PUNC CONJ NOUN VERB PUNC dvergr í jörð , sem durinn segja . (43) Nýi , Niði , Norðri , Suðri , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC nýr , niðr , norðr , suðr , (44) Austri , Vestri , Alþjófr , Dvalinn , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC austr , vestr , alþjófr , dvalinn , (45) Nár ok Náinn Nípingr , Dáinn NOUN CONJ NOUN NOUN PUNC NOUN nár ok náinn nípingr , dáinn (46) Bívurr , Bávurr , Bömburr , Nóri , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC bívurr , bávurr , bömburr , nóri , (47) Ánn ok Ánarr , Óinn , Mjöðvitnir . NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC ánn ok ánarr , óinn , mjöðvitnir . (48) Veggr ok Gandalfr , Vindalfr , Þorinn , NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC veggr ok gandalfr , vindalfr , þorinn , (49) Þrár ok Þráinn , Þekkr , Litr ok Vitr , NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC þrár ok þráinn , þekkr , litr ok vitr , (50) Nýr ok Nýráðr , nú hefi ek dverga , NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC ADV VERB PRON NOUN PUNC nýr ok nýráðr , nú hafa ek dvergr , 10 CHAPTER 2. VÖLUSPÁ (51) Reginn ok Ráðsviðr , rétt of talða . NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC ADJ ADV VERB PUNC reginn ok ráðsviðr , réttr of telja . (52) Fíli , Kíli , Fundinn , Náli , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC fíli , kíli , fundinn , náli , (53) Hefti , Víli , Hannar , Svíurr , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC hefti , víli , hannar , svíurr , (54) Billingr , Brúni , Bíldr ok Buri , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC billingr , brúni , bíldr ok buri , (55) Frár , Hornbori , Frægr ok Lóni , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC frár , hornbori , frægr ok lóni , (56) Aurvangr , Jari , Eikinskjaldi . NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC aurvangr , jari , eikinskjaldi . (57) Mál er dverga í Dvalins liði NOUN CONJ NOUN ADP NOUN NOUN mál vera dvergr í dvalinn lið (58) ljóna kindum til Lofars telja , NOUN NOUN ADP NOUN VERB PUNC ljónar kindr til lofarr telja , (59) þeir er sóttu frá salar steini PRON CONJ VERB ADP NOUN NOUN þeir er sökja frá salr steinn (60) Aurvanga sjöt til Jöruvalla . NOUN NOUN ADP NOUN PUNC aurvanga sjöt til jöruvalla . (61) Þar var Draupnir ok Dolgþrasir , ADV VERB NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC þar vera draupnir ok dolgþrasir , 11 (62) Hár , Haugspori , Hlévangr , Glóinn , NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC hár , haugspori , hlévangr , glóinn , (63) Dóri , Óri Dúfr , Andvari NOUN PUNC NOUN NOUN PUNC NOUN dóridóri , óri dúfr , andvari (64) Skirfir , Virfir , Skáfiðr , Ái . NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC skirfir , virfir , skáfiðr , ái . (65) Alfr ok Yngvi , Eikinskjaldi , NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN PUNC alfr ok yngvi , eikinskjaldi , (66) Fjalarr ok Frosti , Finnr ok Ginnarr ; NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC NOUN CONJ NOUN PUNC fjalarr ok frosti , finnr ok ginnarr ; (67) þat mun æ uppi meðan öld lifir , PRON VERB ADV ADV ADV NOUN VERB PUNC þat munu æ uppi meðan öld lifa , (68) langniðja tal Lofars hafat .