international journal for religious freedom Vol 5 The International Journal for Religious Freedom is published twice Issue 2 a year and aims to provide a platform for scholarly discourse on re- ligious freedom in general and the persecution of Christians in par- 2012 ticular. It is an interdisciplinary, international, peer reviewed journal, ISSN 2070-5484 serving the dissemination of new research on religious freedom and contains research articles, documentation, book reviews, academic news and other relevant items. The editors welcome the submission of any contribution to the journal. Manuscripts submitted for publica- tion are assessed by a panel of referees and the decision to publish is dependent on their reports. The IJRF subscribes to the National Code of Best Practice in Editorial Discretion and Peer Review for South African Scholarly Journals. IJRF is freely available online: www.iirf.eu as a paid print subscription, and via SABINET. The IJRF is produced by the International Institute for Religious Freedom Bonn — Cape Town — Colombo IJRF P.O. Box 535 Tel +27–21 558 7744 Edgemead, 7407 Fax +27–86 551 6432 www.iirf.eu South Africa email [email protected] Vol 5 Issue 2 2012 Vol Measuring and Encountering VKW Persecution international journal for religious freedom International Consultation on Religious Freedom Research Istanbul, Turkey // 16 – 18 March 2013 PERSECU ED Participants A CRY FOR FREEDOM, CALL TO ACTION Intended for all who do scholarly research on any topic related to religious freedom, persecution, suffering for faith, martyrdom, etc. Number of participants: Probably 10-20, but open to as many as want to come. All participants are expected to come up for their own costs or AVAILABLE to find the necessary sponsors themselves. MARCH 2013 Consultation style WHEREVER BOOKS AND The intention of the consultation is to strengthen the network of reli- EBOOKS ARE SOLD gious freedom and persecution scholars/researchers and to thereby create synergy. Everybody may propose to present on relevant research. Organizers will select from these proposals and will frame the programme ac- cording to the number of proposals. The intention is not for everybody to listen to a handful of famous researchers but rather for meaningful interaction and mutual inter- action on a peer level. International Institute for Religious Freedom Working Group on Human Geography, University of Tübingen, Germany Unit for Church and Law, Beyers-Naudé Centre, Stellenbosch University, South Africa GET AN EXCLUSIVE FIRST LOOK. Department of Constitutional Law and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of Law, University of the Free State, South Africa Study Group on Religious Freedom and Persecution (International Association for Mission Studies) DOWNLOAD A FREE CHAPTER HERE: www.iirf.eu HTTP://NELSONFREE.COM/PERSECUTED International Journal for Religious Freedom (IJRF) Journal of the International Institute for Religious Freedom The IJRF is published twice a year and aims to provide a platform for scholarly discourse on religious free- dom in general and the persecution of Christians in particular. It is an interdisciplinary, international, peer reviewed journal, serving the dissemination of new research on religious freedom and contains research articles, documentation, book reviews, academic news and other relevant items. The editors welcome the submission of any contribution to the journal. Manuscripts submitted for publication are assessed by a panel of referees and the decision to publish is dependent on their reports. The IJRF is listed on the DoHET “Approved list of South African journals” and subscribes to the National Code of Best Practice in Editorial Discretion and Peer Review for South African Scholarly Journals. The IJRF is freely available online: www.iirf.eu, as a paid print subscription, and via SABINET. Editorial Committee Editors Prof Dr Christof Sauer, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Prof Dr Thomas Schirrmacher, Bonn, Germany Managing Editor Prof Stephen K Baskerville, PhD, Washington DC, USA [email protected] Editorial Assistants Adam Smith (and interns from Patrick Henry College) Book Reviews Dr Byeong Jun, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Noteworthy vacant [email protected] Editorial Board Prof Dr J Epp Buckingham, Ottawa, Canada Dr P Marshall, Washington DC, USA Prof Dr P Coertzen, Stellenbosch, South Africa Prof Dr Dr J W Montgomery, Straßbourg, France Prof Dr R Velosso Ewell, Londrina, Brazil Rev P Netha, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Prof S A de Freitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa Prof Dr A Ojacor, Kampala, Uganda Prof Dr L Fernandez, Cape Town, South Africa Prof Dr B J G Reitsma, Amsterdam, Netherlands Prof Dr K Gnanakan, Shillong/Bangalore, India Prof Dr R Rothfuss, Tübingen, Germany Dr B Intan, Jakarta, Indonesia Prof Dr C Schirrmacher, Bonn, Germany Prof Dr T K Johnson, Prague, Czech Republic Prof Dr D L Stults, Oklahoma, USA Drs B Konutgan, Istanbul, Turkey Prof Dr J P J Theron, Pretoria, South Africa Subscriptions 2013 Annual subscription fee for 2 issues: Bank details SA Rand 260 (approx. €25/US$35) Beneficiary: International Institute for Religious Freedom, VAT and postage included. Cape Town · Bank: Standard Bank · Branch: Sea Point See subscription form in the back. Branch Code: 02 41 09 · Account Number: 071 117 431 For international payments use: SWIFT Code: SBZAZAJJ http://iirfct.givengain.org IJRF · P.O. Box 535 · Edgemead 7407 · Rep South Africa (pay in Rand!) Tel +27-21 588 7744 · Fax +27-86 551 6432 · [email protected] International Institute for Religious Freedom (IIRF) of the World Evangelical Alliance Friedrichstr. 38 PO Box 535 32, Ebenezer Place 2nd Floor Edgemead 7407 Dehiwela 53111 Bonn Cape Town (Colombo) Germany South Africa Sri Lanka www.iirf.eu [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] International Journal for Religious Freedom Volume 5, Issue 2, 2012 ISSN 2070-5484 Articles and opinions published in IJRF do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, of IIRF or of the sponsors. © Copyright 2012 is with the individual authors or bodies mentioned in the respective items. Printed with permission. Acknowledgement of Sponsors Please note advertising publishers: We would like to thank the sponsors who sup- · Thomas Nelson, inside back cover ported the editing, printing and distribution of · Virginia, p. 9 this issue of IJRF. Their views and opinions are not · William Carey Library, p. 10 necessarily those of IIRF and vice versa. · Oxford University Press, USA, p. 20 · Evangelical Lutheran Church in Württemberg, · Kairos Publications, p. 62 Germany www.elk-wue.de/landeskirche/ · Culture and Science Publ., p. 77, 78, 192 international-information-en/ · AcadSA Publishing, p. 92, 111, 192 Subscribe to get IJRF via email (time delayed – 1 March; 1 September) ¾ To receive new issues of IJRF electronically on release, send an email to: [email protected] ¾ To receive an email notice about a new issue of IJRF available online, send an email to: [email protected] Note to librarians: IJRF is also available as an ePublication from Sabinet (www.sabinet.co.za). The first full volume of IJRF appeared in 2009. There was only one pilot issue in 2008. Graphic Design and Layout: Ben Nimmo, www.bennimmo.com Cover art: The illustration on the cover is a section taken from an original oil painting by Dale Elliott on the biblical Exodus motive. This narrative of liberation from slavery and servitude resonates with those encountering restrictions of religious freedom and persecution nowadays. We express our deep gratitude to Dale Elliott for freely providing this image at short notice. More works of the artist can be found at: www.daleelliott.co.za. The artist can be contacted at: 80 Main Street, Villiersdorp, Western Cape, 6848, South Africa, Tel +27-28 840 2927, Fax +27-28 840 2927, Email: [email protected]. Contents International Journal for Religious Freedom Volume 5, Issue 2, 2012 ISSN 2070–5484 Editorial �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 In my Opinion Health, wealth and prosperity Bernhard Reitsma ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Brother against brother Could South Korea’s mega-churches ultimately pose a bigger threat to the North Korean underground church than Kim Il-Sung? Hyun Sook Foley ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 Articles Measuring persecution The new questionnaire design of the World Watch List Christof Sauer ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 From accommodation to conscription? The Obama health care mandate in context William C Duncan��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 The South African Constitutional Court and the unborn Shaun de Freitas������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 51 Religious violence in Indonesia Benyamin F Intan ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63 The persecution of Nazarenes in Yugoslavia 1918-1941 Branko Bjelajac �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������79 Reflections on the psychological stressors and issues that children of believers from Muslim backgrounds face Daniel Ong ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������93