European Sleep Research Society 1972 – 2012 40th Anniversary of the ESRS Editor: Claudio L. Bassetti Co-Editors: Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz European Sleep Research Society 1972 – 2012 40th Anniversary of the ESRS Editor: Claudio L. Bassetti Co-Editors: Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz Imprint Editor Publisher and Layout Claudio L. Bassetti Wecom Gesellschaft für Kommunikation mbH & Co. KG Co-Editors Hildesheim / Germany Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz www.wecom.org © European Sleep Research Society (ESRS), Regensburg, Bern, 2012 For amendments there can be given no limit or warranty by editor and publisher. Table of Contents Presidential Foreword . 5 Future Perspectives The Future of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine in Europe: A Need for Academic Multidisciplinary Sleep Centres C. L. Bassetti, D.-J. Dijk, Z. Dogas, P. Levy, L. L. Nobili, P. Peigneux, T. Pollmächer, D. Riemann and D. J. Skene . 7 Historical Review of the ESRS General History of the ESRS H. Schulz, P. Salzarulo . 9 The Presidents of the ESRS (1972 – 2012) T. Pollmächer . 13 ESRS Congresses M. Billiard . 15 History of the Journal of Sleep Research (JSR) J. Horne, P. Lavie, D.-J. Dijk . 17 Pictures of the Past and Present of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine in Europe J. Horne, H. Schulz . 19 Past – Present – Future Sleep and Neuroscience R. Amici, A. Borbély, P. L. Parmeggiani, P. Peigneux . 23 Sleep and Neurology C. L. Bassetti, L. Ferini-Strambi, J. Santamaria . 27 Psychiatric Sleep Research T. Pollmächer . 31 Sleep and Psychology D. Riemann, C. Espie . 33 Sleep and Sleep Disordered Breathing P. Levy, J. Hedner . 35 Sleep and Chronobiology A. Wirz-Justice, D. Skene, D.-J. Dijk . 37 Sleep and Animal Research I. Tobler . 39 Dream Research M. Schredl, S. Schwartz . 41 Sleep and Genetics P. Franken, M. Tafti . 43 Sleep Through the Life Span: The First and the Last Steps P. Salzarulo . 47 Childhood Sleep Medicine O. Bruni . 49 Sleep and Memory P. Maquet, P. Peigneux . 51 Sleep Medicine: Accreditation and Certification D. Pevernagie, T. Penzel . 53 3 Table of Contents Sleep and Work T. Åkerstedt, G. Kecklund . 55 Epidemiological Sleep Research in Europe M. Partinen . 57 The Founders of European Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine Manasseina, Pavlov and the Russian School V. M. Kovalzon . 59 Von Economo and the Hypothalamus R. Khatami, C. Baumann, C. L. Bassetti . 61 Henri Piéron, the Pioneer of 20th Century Sleep Research C. Gottesmann . 63 Michel Jouvet and the Lyon School P.-H. Luppi . 65 W. R. Hess and the Swiss School C. W. Hess . 67 Frédéric Bremer 1892 – 1982: His ‘Cerveau Isolé’ and ‘Encéphale Isolé’ Preparations M. Kerkhofs, D. Pevernagie . 69 Giuseppe Moruzzi: An European School of Neurophysiology in the University of Pisa C. Batini . 71 R. Jung, W. Kuhlo, J. H. Peter and the German School T. Penzel . 73 Elio Lugaresi and the Italian School F. Cirignotta . 75 40 Years ESRS: A Historical Photo Collection . 77 The National Sleep Societies . 83 Index of Authors . 125 Index . 127 4 Presidential Foreword “The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see.” Winston Churchill At the bi-annual meeting of the European Sleep Research Society in Paris the society will celebrate its 40th anniversary. I thought that this would be a good occasion to look back at our history, as we did in 1997 on the occasion of our 25th anniversary. The initial plan to “just” update the first book was soon replaced by the idea of offering a more detailed reflection on the history, present and future of the ESRS and more generally of sleep research and sleep medicine. The book is structured into four parts. The first part offers a review of the history of the ESRS, its congresses, presidents and journal. The second part is composed of 15 “mini-reviews” on the past, present and future of specific areas of sleep medicine and sleep research. The third part is devoted to nine founders – and their schools – of sleep research in Europe. In the fourth final part the 29 European National Sleep Societies present themselves in terms of history, structure and activities. The contents of the book are rounded up by a contribution by the ESRS board and the Chief Editor of JSR on future perspectives of sleep research and sleep medicine in Europe and by a historical photo collection. This book has turned out to be a great team effort with contributions from 72 authors, including six ESRS presidents, three chief editors of the Journal of Sleep Research, and 29 presidents of European National Sleep Societies. Two people have had a fundamental role in the production of the book. Hartmut Schulz has been involved in the review process and proofreading of all the chapters. Brigitte Knobl has coordinated the entire editorial management of the book including the communication between authors and editors, as well as the review and production processes. Without their careful, patient and efficient work this book would not have been finalised. Special thanks also goes to Jim Horne (review process), Ludger Grote (coordination of the contributions of the National Sleep Societies), Thomas Pollmächer and Lino Nobili. Anna Wirz- Justice and Peter Achermann were kind enough to send several pictures of ESRS members and events they had collected over the years. It is my hope that reading (and looking at) this book will not only bring back pleasant memories to those whom have lived (parts) of this history but also sharpen the look of those who will make the future of our Society and the field of sleep research and sleep medicine. Claudio Bassetti Bern, Switzerland August 2012 5 6 Future Perspectives The Future of Sleep Research Today, only in a few (mostly academic) European centres do basic sleep research and multidisciplinary sleep medicine and Sleep Medicine in Europe: activities co-exist and interact “under the same roof”. Is this co- A Need for Academic existence useful? Or should we rather accept an “atomization” (fragmentation) of the sleep field (as can be seen in research and Multidisciplinary Sleep Centres clinical practice in general) and consider such multidisciplinary academic sleep centres as “relicts” of the past without any Claudio L. Bassetti1, Derk-Jan Dijk2, Zoran Dogas3, usefulness (and therefore justification) for the future? Patrick Levy4, Luigi Lino Nobili5, Philippe Peigneux6, Thomas Pollmächer7, Dieter Riemann8 and Debra J. Skene9 Here we advocate that such centres are of great importance ESRS Board and JSR Editor 2010 – 2012 for the future development of both sleep research and sleep 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, medicine, for the following reasons: Switzerland and Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano 1. Although basic sleep research is well advanced in many areas, 2 Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical its translation into clinical reality, however, remains limited to Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK some of them (e.g. chronobiology, cognitive neurosciences, 3Department of Neuroscience, University of Split, School of genetics,…). Medicine, Split, Croatia 2. The evolution of sleep medicine (like any other medical 4Laboratoire d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Cardio-Respiratoire, specialty) requires regular and direct contact with sleep CHU, Grenoble, France research, in order to allow a rapid and effective “translation” 5Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, of knowledge (well illustrated by the discovery of the Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy hypocretin neuronal system then within a few years of its role 6Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging, Research in physiology and narcolepsy). Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Cyclotron 3. Conversely, basic sleep researchers should be aware of Research Centre, Université de Liège (ULg), Belgium and consider in their agenda the key-questions arising in 7Klinikum Ingolstadt, Center of Mental Health, Ingolstadt, the clinical arena (e.g. the role of the thalamus in sleep Germany physiology was also triggered by the description of fatal 8Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, familial insomnia). University Medical Center, Germany 4. Multiple sleep-wake disturbances quite frequently co-exist 9Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical in a single patient (e.g. insomnia and/or daytime sleepiness Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK with sleep-associated breathing disturbances), making a multidisciplinary clinical and research approach most The European Sleep Research Society (ESRS) embraces sleep adequate and effective. research and sleep medicine in Europe in its mission. The history 5. The creation of a “critical mass” of interacting sleep researchers of the society (and its journal), the scientific and teaching contents and clinicians is essential for educational (e.g. for the creation of the bi-annual meetings, the activities and composition of the of master/PhD programs), political/academic, and – last but ESRS board and its bodies reflect a strong commitment to the not least – financial (e.g. acquisition of competitive grants) entire field of sleep. Within this framework and on the occasion gains. of the 40th birthday of the society it is important to reflect how sleep research and sleep medicine could be further developed in The sleep field because of its strong inter- and multidisciplinarity Europe and, more specifically, the strategic and institutional steps nature and the above-mentioned points represents an ideal that may be needed to achieve this goal. example of modern medicine and biology and as such merits appropriate academic recognition. We believe that in order to Basic (animal and human) sleep research activities in the sleep guarantee the further development and growth of sleep research field started and developed in Europe under the remit of academic and sleep medicine, it will be necessary to create formal structures centres/universities. Similarly, most clinical and research activities in which sleep research and sleep medicine can interact and in the field of sleep medicine were also initiated by academic develop in a comprehensive way.