The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Natural Sciences Master Dissertations 2015 Impacts of climate change on coffee production: a case of Karagwe district Kubabigamba, Jetson The University of Dodoma Kubabigamba, J. (2015). Impacts of climate change on coffee production: A case of Karagwe district. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/763 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COFFEE PRODUCTION; A CASE OF KARAGWE DISTRICT By Jetson Kubabigamba A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Natural Resource Management The University of Dodoma October 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned study certifies that has read and hereby recommends for the acceptance by the University of Dodoma. Dissertation titled, Impacts of climate change on coffee production; a case of Karagwe district. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of masters of Science in Natural Resource Management of the University of Dodoma. …………………………………………………. Dr. Chrispinus D.K. Rubanza (SUPERVISOR) Date.................................................... i DECRELATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Jetson Kubabigamba confirm that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented to any other university for a similar or any other degree award. Signature ___________________________ No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permissions of the author or the University. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study would not be completed without material and intellectual support from a number of people. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Rubanza, C.D.K, my major Supervisor for his outstanding and tireless guidance throughout this study. I appreciate his valuable advice and guidance to the successfully of my study. Equally important I feel so responsible to convey a word of thanks to Dr Gilbert Bankobeza and Dr Beneth Bankobeza for their encouragement even before I had decided to go for masters studies. It is through their advice; I felt it possible to take a form and joined Dodoma University. Nevertheless, their commitment to grant me a partial financial assistant opened the door for me to go for studies, May the Lord blesses their life. My special tributes go to my mother Perpetual Domitian, beloved brothers and Sisters Mr Innocent Kabyazi, Dickson Kubabigamba, Mary Domitian and Margret Kabyazi for their moral, spiritual and material support to the accomplishment of this tough work. Last but not least am highly indebted to thank all respondents, private and governmental organizations one by one in Karagwe district who made great contribution to this study. By spending their time answering questionnaires, attending interviews, panel discussions and conducting pilot studies and others so as this study become successful. Lastly, I would like to express my thanks to my entire colleague from the Msc NRM class 2012/2013 for their support and contributions during my studies and compilation of this dissertation. I’m especially grateful to Mr. Erasto Man`genya and Charles Aman for encouragement and support during this study. iii ABSTRACT A socio-economic survey through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and field observations was carried out to assess impacts of climate change on coffee production in ten (10) wards of Karagwe District of north western Tanzania. Specific objectives underlying the study were to: (1) assess coffee production trend for the past 10 years from July 2003 to July 2013, (2) to identify and analyze impacts of climate change on coffee production among coffee producers in the district. The study also aimed to: (3) identify common adaptation and coping strategies towards impacts of climate change on coffee production. A total of 140 respondents representing local community, government institutions and Cooperative unions were sampled using both simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Data were analyzed into simple descriptive statistics using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and Statistical Analytical System (SAS), Inc. (ver. 9. Results show that coffee production trend in ten sampled wards was highly variable across years (P<0, 0001) and wards (P<0, 0001). Coffee production potential in the district can be grouped into zones of high, medium, and low coffee production potential. Identified impacts of climate change affecting coffee production include prolonged dry spell (13.7%), drought (18.1%), strong winds (7%), elevated temperatures (16.1%), poor distribution of rainfall (17.8%) storms (10%) and insect pests and diseases infestation (17.3%), Available climate adaptation strategies among coffee farming community include adoption of new technology (20.9%), adoption of sustainable agricultural production techniques (22.7%), and diversification and intensification of production systems (20.6%) could be concluded that adaptation and coping, strategies to impacts of climate change on coffee production trend are iv fundamental to achieving sustainable livelihood among coffee farming communities. It is further recommended that, improved institutional capacities through training on adaptive strategies and planning to address impacts of climate change are very crucial among coffee farming communities. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................ i DECRELATION AND COPYRIGHT ........................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF PLATES .................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ ACCRONYMS ........................................................ xv CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background information ........................................................................................ 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Objectives ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 General objective ................................................................................................ 5 1.3. 2 Specific objectives ............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Significance of the study ........................................................................................ 6 1.6 Limitations of the study ......................................................................................... 6 1.7 Scope of the study .................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Definition of key terms ....................................................................................... 8 2.1.1.1 Weather ............................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1.2 Climate ............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1.3 Climate change ................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1.4 Climate change scenarios ................................................................................. 9 2.1.1.5 Climate variability ............................................................................................ 9 2.1.1.6 Green house gases ............................................................................................ 9 vi 2.1.1.7 Green house effect.......................................................................................... 10 2.1.1.8 Global warming .............................................................................................. 10 2.1.1.9 Impacts of climate change .............................................................................. 10 2.1.1.10 Vulnerability ................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1.11 Climate vulnerability ...................................................................................