Briefing paper Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 1 Design for everyone: a guide to the design process Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 2 Community Led Design and Development is 1. Is it useful or functional: a programme funded by the Department for a. Does it provide for people’s needs, inside and Communities and Local Government’s Tenant outside their homes? Empowerment Programme and is designed to b. Can they carry out their daily lives easily and feel put the community at the heart of new housing safe and secure while doing so? design. This briefing paper forms part of a suite c. Is it easy to get to and to move about in – to meet of documents to help tenants, residents, housing neighbours and build a sense of community? associations and local authorities work together on d. Is it an inclusive place for different people, eg, all the design and development of new housing. age groups, and people with different mobility needs? This is the second of four papers. You may also be e. Does it help to people to lead healthy lifestyles? interested in: 2. Is it durable and flexible to be useful for – Briefing Paper 1: A neighbourhood guide to future generations? viability a. Can it be easily maintained? – Briefing Paper 3: ‘Good housekeeping’ – working b. Can it be reconfigured to meet new needs? with partners and ensuring good governance – Route map: A step-by-step guide to getting 3. Is it beautiful? involved in housing projects a. Are people proud to live there? b. Do people feel at home? Introduction c. Does it have a memorable identity? This paper sets out the value of good design and d. Is it a place that works well with its surroundings in particular how tenants and residents can play and local history? a central role in decision making and thereby improving the design of improving the quality of new Many of these points are focused on those who will homes and neighbourhoods. live in or live near or visit a development. The design of places also has a significant impact on landlords What is design and why is it important? and housing associations that own and manage Design is a process that shapes how a home or developments – for example, a well-designed place an entire neighbourhood is developed. It involves can be easier and cheaper to manage. If a place is decisions regarding height, form, materials, layout attractive to future generations there is a long-term (both inside and outside), appearance and how sustainability benefit which avoids the expense and public and private spaces around the homes are waste associated with rebuilding homes. arranged. Good design is important because new housing has a lasting impact on the people who live there and their quality of life. Good design should respond to three important principles: Please note that this paper provides some initial advice on an approach to design only. The context for every project is different, and it is strongly recommended that your group seeks professional advice early on to help you understand all issues and risks that will affect your project. Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 3 The design process Design is often described as an iterative process, which develops over time and may involve a number of people performing different roles, whether professionals, investors, residents, representatives of the community or special interest groups. The design “team” usually means those that are responsible for working up all the design principles and requirements of the scheme into a set of plans. These drawings are used to communicate with everyone involved in the project and are included within any planning applications. The table on the next two pages summarises the professionals who will be involved or play a role in the design process. © Design Council Cabe Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 4 Types of professional involved in Role housing design Architect The role of the architect is to design buildings such as houses. Architects may work at different scales – some may only be commissioned to design specific buildings, or they may be commissioned to produce a masterplan that sets out the layout of the whole site. They may also act as a lead for all the other design professionals that work on a scheme. Urban Designer An urban designer will focus on designing how the whole site is laid out, how it makes connections with the external environment and how the streets and public spaces work. Landscape Architect Also sometimes known as landscape designers, landscape archtects design the paved or hard areas of public space and also the green or natural spaces within the scheme. This includes selecting the plants and water features, and how it will be maintained and managed. Community Consultation Consultants The role of such consultants is to set up and run events with the community to explore their views, present design material and seek feedback. They may be architects or urban designers hired just for this role and may not be involved in the design itself. Structural and Civil Engineers Engineers design and supervise construction of works, structures, and buildings. Their specialist skills can help ensure structures have sufficient strength to perform their function safely and allow best use to be made of the site. © Design Council Cabe © Tribal Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 5 Other professionals who may be Role involved Independent Tenant and resident Independent advisers are typically involved in redevelopment Design Adviser schemes where existing tenants with protected tenancies are being rehoused. Their role is to work with the tenants and act on their behalf to explain any technical or design terms, explore plans and capture views in closed sessions without their landlord. Public Artist Artists can add richness by producing artworks or incorporate ideas for the design of features in the landscape or buildings. They can also be helpful in early engagement work to encourage young people and others to express their views through art projects. Local Authority Highways Officers Highways officers consider how the development should be accessed by vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists in a safe manner from the existing street network. They work with the design team to ensure any streets and street lighting comply with local design requirements if the local authority is going to take over their management and maintenance (known as adoption). Local Authority Planning Officers Planning officers assess a scheme when it becomes a planning application and check whether it is in compliance with the Local Plan – a statutory document that guides development across the authority. They make recommendations to the council planning committee to either approve or refuse the application. They will be involved in formal design discussions with the design team and will begin this process typically before it becomes a formal planning application (known as the pre- application stage). Local Authority - Other departments Other parts of a local authority may provide information or advice to the design team to ensure the scheme responds to local needs, eg provision of employment space, nurseries and schools, and community spaces; and meeting the needs of different age groups, eg older people. These functions may all be within one authority (‘unitary’) or be split between county and district or city authorities (‘two tier’). Other public bodies, eg, the Police, Various external organisations may have a statutory role in Healthcare professionals. giving their views on the design of a scheme when it is going through the planning process, or may be involved in helping to © Tribal contribute ideas and technical information regarding what might be provided on the site (for example a doctor’s surgery). Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 6 Nursery playground on roof of Coin Street Community Centre, Southwark ©Design Council Cabe Community-led Design and Development: Briefing paper 7 The variety of people involved shows how many The client team would typically have the following different subject areas and types of expertise roles within it: are required, alongside the proper input and engagement of local people. However, best practice Project Leader – they are clear on the agreed experience provides you with some pointers to bring vision, ensure continued involvement and assistance about the best outcomes for any project. These from other bodies, and are able to make good include: decisions when needed. They keep people enthusiastic and work closely with the professionals – an effective client leading the project (see and specialists. Typically they would chair client below) team meetings and achieve consensus. – clarity and honesty about the design process, roles and who will make decisions Project Manager – they would bring information – design training for local residents and those together, make day-to-day decisions, monitor without professional design knowledge progress, control the budget and check the detail – an inclusive approach to engaging with people. of progress. Usually this is a separate person to the Project Leader to avoid confusion. The client role A good client is absolutely critical to making a Steering Group – this includes representatives great housing scheme. As well as providing overall from organisations with specialist skills and leadership and vision, the client is responsible for representatives of stakeholders that could include commissioning designers and contractors and local businesses, local community societies, making sure they deliver work to a satisfactory and officers of the local authority. These external level. It is essential that the client is identified organisations could help provide valuable and everyone understands who they are. It may information and expertise to inform your decision- be the current landowner or landlord, a housing making; provide links to other projects that are association, a community-led organisation or a occurring locally or offer funding streams for consortium of various bodies.