Building evidence for conservaton globally Journal of Threatened Taxa ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 26 November 2019 (Online & Print) PLATINUM Vol. 11 | No. 14 | 14787–14926 OPEN ACCESS 10.11609/jot.2019.11.14.14787-14926 J TT www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organizaton www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampat - Kalapat Road, Saravanampat, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organizaton (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampat, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetng Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Insttute of Science Educaton and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communicatons Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016-2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B. Shivaraju, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Founder/Secretary, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Prof. Richard Kiprono Mibey, Vice Chancellor, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya Dr. R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Insttute, Jabalpur, India Dr. Robert Lacy Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar, Bilagi, Bagalkot, India Department of Conservaton Biology, Chicago Zoological Society (also known as Dr. Vatsavaya S. Raju, Kakatay University, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India the Brookfeld Zoo), Brookfeld, Illinois 60513 USA; and Commitee on Evolutonary Dr. D.J. Bhat, Retd. Professor, Goa University, Goa, India Biology, University of Chicago Plants Dr. Russel Mitermeier Executve Vice Chair, Conservaton Internatonal, Arlington, Virginia 22202, USA Dr. G.P. Sinha, Botanical Survey of India, Allahabad, India Dr. N.P. Balakrishnan, Ret. Joint Director, BSI, Coimbatore, India Prof. Mewa Singh Ph.D., FASc, FNA, FNASc, FNAPsy Dr. Shonil Bhagwat, Open University and University of Oxford, UK Ramanna Fellow and Life-Long Distnguished Professor, Biopsychology Laboratory, Prof. D.J. Bhat, Retd. Professor, Goa University, Goa, India and Insttute of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006, India; Dr. Ferdinando Boero, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy Honorary Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientfc Research, Dr. Dale R. Calder, Royal Ontaro Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Bangalore; and Adjunct Professor, Natonal Insttute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore Dr. Cleofas Cervancia, Univ. of Philippines Los Baños College Laguna, Philippines Dr. F.B. Vincent Florens, University of Mauritus, Mauritus Dr. Ulrike Streicher, DVM Dr. Merlin Franco, Curtn University, Malaysia Wildlife Veterinarian / Wildlife Management Consultant, 1185 East 39th Place, Eugene, Dr. V. Irudayaraj, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkotai, Tamil Nadu, India OR 97405, USA Dr. B.S. Kholia, Botanical Survey of India, Gangtok, Sikkim, India Dr. Pankaj Kumar, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporaton, Hong Kong S.A.R., Stephen D. Nash China Scientfc Illustrator, Conservaton Internatonal, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, Health Dr. V. Sampath Kumar, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, West Bengal, India Sciences Center, T-8, Room 045, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, Dr. A.J. Solomon Raju, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India USA Dr. Vijayasankar Raman, University of Mississippi, USA Dr. B. Ravi Prasad Rao, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantpur, India Dr. Fred Pluthero Dr. K. Ravikumar, FRLHT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Toronto, Canada Dr. Aparna Watve, Pune, Maharashtra, India Dr. Qiang Liu, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China Dr. Martn Fisher Dr. Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili, Universit Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Senior Associate Professor, Batcock Centre for Experimental Astrophysics, Cavendish Malaysia Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK Dr. M.K. Vasudeva Rao, Shiv Ranjani Housing Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India Prof. A.J. Solomon Raju, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India Dr. Ulf Gärdenfors Dr. Mandar Datar, Agharkar Research Insttute, Pune, Maharashtra, India Professor, Swedish Species Informaton Center, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Dr. M.K. Janarthanam, Goa University, Goa, India Dr. K. Karthigeyan, Botanical Survey of India, India Dr. John Fellowes Dr. Errol Vela, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Honorary Assistant Professor, The Kadoorie Insttute, 8/F, T.T. Tsui Building, The Dr. P. Lakshminarasimhan, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, India University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Dr. Larry R. Noblick, Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, USA Dr. K. Haridasan, Pallavur, Palakkad District, Kerala, India Dr. Philip S. Miller Dr. Analinda Manila-Fajard, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines Senior Program Ofcer, Conservaton Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN), 12101 Dr. P.A. Sinu, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA Invertebrates Prof. Dr. Mirco Solé Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Vice- Dr. R.K. Avasthi, Rohtak University, Haryana, India coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Rodovia Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km Dr. D.B. Bastawade, Maharashtra, India 16 (45662-000) Salobrinho, Ilhéus - Bahia - Brasil Dr. Partha Pratm Bhatacharjee, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India contnued on the back inside cover Cover: Northern Tamandua Tamandua mexicana at Aranjuez, Pitahaya, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. © Rodolfo Orozco-Vega. The Sally Walker Conservaton Fund An appeal for support https://zooreach.org/sally-walker-conservation-fund/ Wildlifes Wonder Woman Sally Walker spent 40 years of her life volunteering for wildlife conservation and better zoo management; most of that time living in India and working selflessly for the cause. She initiated and established several key actions and contributed immensely to the objectives of conservation. In honour of her innumerable and tremendous service to zoos, wildlife, India, South Asia, and the world, we announce the Sally Walker Conservation Fund at Zoo Outreach Organization to continue key areas of her interest. We seek your support and contribution to keep her dreams alive and to continue the long-standing commitments she made for the cause of wildlife conservation and zoos. Here are the key areas where your financial contributions will impact: In situ & ex situ (i) The Sally Walker Lifetime Award for Conservation (in situ &/or ex situ). (ii) The Sally Walker Training Programme in Conservation Biology and Application. (iii) Communicating Science for Conservation through Zoo’s Print and through innovative education programs. Ex situ (iv) Recognize zoos in South Asia that excel in zoo education. (v) Support zoos in India through active training and exposure tours to zoo personnel. (vi) Plan and support long-term conservation breeding programmes in South Asian Zoos. In situ (vii) Promote Conservation Engineering for building holistic conservation efforts. (viii) Assess, plan, and act for wildlife conservation. (ix) Small Grants for the conservation of lesser-known species and habitats. Visit https://zooreach.org/sally-walker-conservation-fund/ and donate generously. Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14788–14801 C (M: C) C N ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1 2 3 ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Iroro Tanshi , Anthony Ekata Ogbeibu & Paul Jeremy James Bates PLATINUM 1,2 Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin OPEN ACCESS City, Nigeria. 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 USA. 1,3 Harrison Insttute, 15, St Botolph’s Road, Sevenoaks, Kent TN13 3AQ, United Kingdom. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Abstract: Knowledge of the bat fauna in Nigeria is limited due to use of outdated collecton techniques, and infrequent sampling efort. To advance knowledge of bat diversity in the country, a survey of bats from three localites:Emu, Okomu Natonal Park (ONP), and Ososoin southern Nigeria was conducted using mist nets set at canopy and at ground level from February–September 2011. During 28 capture nights involving a total of 202.7 mist net/nights, 239 individuals belonging to 27 bat species in eight families (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Megadermatdae, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, and Vespertlionidae) were recorded. A total of 130, 64, 45 individuals of 8, 13