1 These lessons are from New Visions Name________________________________________ Period_______ Date_______________ DL 1-3 Day 1: What were the Crusades? Objective: ● I can explain the geographical context for developments shown on a map. Introduction ➡ WRITE NOW Directions: Analyze the map by answering the guiding questions. Predict 1.Explain what this map is showing you. 2. Which continents/regions are involved in what is happening? UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 2 What were the Crusades? Beginning in 1096 CE, and lasting until the end of the 13th century (1200s), the Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims to win control of the Holy Land. Contextualize ➡ Directions: Watch an excerpt from this documentary about the Crusades (start-3:04), read the transcript, and the text above, then answer the accompanying questions. Transcript for Video Questions: 0:00 1. Who made a speech that started the First Crusade? On a late November morning in the year 1095, this man, Pope Urban II, delivered a sermon that would transform the history of Europe. His rousing words transfixed the crowd gathered here in the French town of Clermont and in the months that followed his message reverberating across the West. The Age of the Crusades had begun. 0:29 The Pope proclaimed a new holy war against Islam for control of the most 2. What was the goal of the First Crusade? hallowed site in the Christian cosmos, the sacred city of Jerusalem. Urban's call to arms initiated a struggle that would rage for two centuries one that fires the imagination and fuels debate even today. 1:11 The story of the Crusades is remembered as a tale of religious fanaticism and unspeakable violence of medieval knights and jihadi warriors, of castles and kings, heroism, betrayal, and sacrifice. 3. About how many Crusaders took part in 1:33 the Crusades? Now, fresh research, eyewitness testimony, and contemporary evidence from both the Christian and Islamic worlds sheds new light on how it was that these two great religions waged war in the name of God, why hundreds of thousands of Christians and Muslims answered the call to Crusade, and who ultimately won the war for the Holy Land. 2:24 From the summer of 1096, between 60,000 and 100,000 Christians- men, 4. How long did a Crusade usually take? women, and children- set out to walk some two and a half thousand miles across the face of the known world. Their goal [was] Jerusalem. Not since the distant glories of Ancient Rome had a force of this siZe been assembled. 2:51 Rich and poor, peasants and knights, these were the first Crusaders. [They were] Christian soldiers who endured unimaginable suffering and privation during an armed pilgrimage that lasted for three years. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 3 DAY 1 EXIT SLIP: What were the Crusades? FA ➡ EXIT SLIP Directions: Analyze the map and answer the following question. CRQ PRACTICE Geographic Context- refers to where this historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there. 1. Explain the geographic context for the developments shown in the map. [1] Write down questions you have about the Crusades that you hope to answer during this unit. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 4 Day 2: What was the relationship within and between Muslim and Objective: Christian states in the 11th century? How did this conflict lead to the Crusades? ● I can explain the historical circumstances that led to the Crusades. WRITE NOW: Base your answers to the following on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. The basic idea of this book is simple: to tell the story of the Crusades as they were seen, lived, and recorded on ‘the other side’—in other words, in the Arab camp. Its content is based almost exclusively on the testimony of contemporary Arab historians and chroniclers... — Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, Al Saqi Books 1. This passage indicates that the author’s emphasis is on (1) cause and effect (2) chronological order (3) reenactment (4) point of view Explain why your choice is correct. 2. What was one direct cause of the Crusades? (1) Islamic occupation of Jerusalem. (2) Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe. (3) Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them. (4) Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia. Explain why your choice is correct. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 5 ➡ Directions: As you read, annotate the timeline using the annotation guide below. Then, respond to the questions that follow. Identify Patterns Conflict Between Conflict Between Conflict Between Annotate Muslims and Christians Different Groups of Different Groups of Christians Muslims Circle Circle Circle events on the events on the events on the timeline that represent timeline that represent timeline that represent conflict Between Muslims conflict Between different conflict Between different and Christians. groups of Christians. groups of Muslims. UNDERLINE examples of peace or limited conflict. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 6 Late 300s- Late 700s CE Your teacher will model this excerpt of the timeline. You will complete this section as a class! 380 Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire 395 Fall of the western Roman Empire and beginning of the Middle Ages in western Europe 570 - 632 Muhammad is born and spreads Islam 632 Muhammad Dies and Muslims Disagree About Leadership A disagreement over who should lead the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad led to a schism [split caused by differing beliefs] between Shia [or Shiite] Muslims and Sunni Muslims. Shiite Muslims believe a relative of Muhammad should rule the Muslims community. Sunni Muslims believed the community to vote for the new leader regardless of their relationship to Muhammad. 638 Muslim armies defeat Byzantine armies and take over Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, and Jerusalem 641 Muslims defeat the Byzantines and take over Egypt 655 Muslim armies take control of North Africa 661 The Umayyad family takes control of the Islamic Empire, founding the Umayyad Dynasty and ruling from Damascus, in present day Syria. 674-678 Islamic armies attack Constantinople, but are defeated by the Byzantines 711 Muslim armies enter Spain 718 Second Muslim attack on Constantinople is defeated 732 Muslims are defeated at the Battle of Tours in France by Charles Martel, stopping their advance into western Europe. 750 The Abbasid Caliphate takes over rule in the Middle East from the Umayyads, shifting the capital to Baghdad. 1. Which of the events above demonstrates the greatest 2. Which of the events above demonstrates the greatest conflict amongst different groups of Muslims? Explain. conflict between Muslim states and Christian states? Explain. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 7 800s - Late 1000s CE You may complete this with a partner or independently 800 Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in western Europe by the Pope. He unites most of western Europe. He considered himself the protector of the Roman Catholic Church, expanding the church’s power with his empire. 989 Peace and Truce of God An agreement between Christian kings and lords in western Europe and supported by the Catholic Church that prohibited fighting on Sundays and church holidays and protected churches, church land, women, children, peasants, and farmers from violence. 937 The Seljuk Turks, a Sunni Muslim nomadic triBe from Central Asia, establish their empire 1054 The East-West Schism in Christianity Because of language differences (Latin in the west, and Greek in the east), disagreements over religious matters, and the refusal of church officials in the east to recognize the Pope as the leader of the faith, the Christian church split into two: the Roman Catholic Church that was centered in Rome, and the Eastern Orthodox Church centered in Constantinople. 1058 Seljuk Turks take over modern day Iraq and Iran including Baghdad 1071 The Seljuk Turks take over most of Asia Minor and Jerusalem from the Byzantines [Christians] 1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII argues for a new role for the Catholic Church in the world with rule over secular leaders and over clergy. He urged Christian princes to reclaim lands from Muslims in Spain. 1095 Alexius I, ruler of the Byzantine Empire, sends amBassadors to Pope UrBan II requesting soldiers to help him combat the Seljuk Turks 1095 Pope UrBan II announces the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont, a holy war to assist Byzantine Christians from attack by SelJuk Turks and to return Jerusalem to Christian control. 3. Which of the events above demonstrates the greatest 4. Which of the events above demonstrates the greatest conflict amongst different groups of Christians? Explain. conflict between Muslim states and Christian states? Explain. UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 8 DAY 2: What was the relationship within and between Muslim and Christian states in the 11th century? FA ➡ Directions: Using evidence from the documents above, respond to the task below in the space provided. Task 1: Describe the Tension Between Christians and Muslims in the 11th Century. Event/What: Tension Between Christians and Muslims in the 11th Century Who? When? Where? Why? How did this tension lead to the Crusades? . Historical Context- refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development 1. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the Crusades. [1] UNIT 5 | Social & Cultural Growth & Conflict | The Crusades 9 Day 3: What were the effects of the Crusades? Objective: ● I can describe the effects of the Crusades ● I can construct an Enduring Issues Argument Introduction Make a Prediction: What effect do you think the Crusades had on Christian and Muslim states? What effect do you think the Crusades had on the world? Predict What were the effects of the Crusades? ➡ Directions: As you read, annotate the text excerpt using the annotation guide below.