2 AUM Historical Review Issue 4AUM Winter 2015 Editors Kelhi DePace Katie Kidd Associate Editors Madison Clark (advertising manager) Jennifer Kellum Tyler Rice LaKendrick Richardson Catherine Walden Graphic Designers Kristyn Recknagel (cover) Megan Stanley Advisor Steven Gish Photographs Alabama Department of Archives and History Kelhi DePace Katie Kidd I.B. Tauris Publishers Printing Wells Printing, Montgomery, AL © 2015 AUM Historical Review Published by the Chi Psi Chapter of the Phi Alpha Theta History Honor Society Auburn University at Montgomery, P.O. Box 244023, Montgomery, AL 36124-4023 The ideas expressed in these essays are the sole responsibility of their respective authors and contributors and do not necessarily represent WKHRIÀFLDOVWDWHPHQWVRSLQLRQVRUSROLFLHVRI $XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\DW0RQWJRPHU\RUWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI+LVWRU\DW$801HLWKHU$XEXUQ 8QLYHUVLW\DW0RQWJRPHU\QRUWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI+LVWRU\DW$80DFFHSWDQ\OLDELOLW\IRUWKHFRQWHQWRIWKLVMRXUQDO Letter from the Editors 3 Katie Kidd and Kelhi DePace Selma: From Sleepy Town to “Queen City” of the Confederacy 4 Rachel Guyette Stepping into the Past: The Alabama Voices Gallery at the Alabama Department of Archives and History 24 Tyler Rice British Historians and World War I: Differing Views on the Role of Women 28 Leanne Waller-Trupp Review of Philip C. Almond’s The Lancashire Witches: A Chronicle of Sorcery and Death on Pendle Hill 40 Kimberly Leifer Confederate Heroines in Letters: Augusta Jane Evans, Her Confederate Sisters, and Macaria 44 Kelhi DePace Remember the Airmen 64 Katie Kidd 68 Additional Contributors 69 Advertisers 70 Call for Papers 2 AUM Historical Review Contents Welcome to the fourth issue of the AUM Historical Review, the result of a year of excellent student contributions and cooperation. We are proud to present the following pages that showcase some of the best work produced by the students of AUM – students IURPWKH'HSDUWPHQWVRI+LVWRU\DQG)LQH$UWVLQSDUWLFXODU7KHVHDUWLFOHVSUHVHQWQRW only beautiful samples of work from some of AUM’s strongest writers, but also compelling KLVWRU\RQVXEMHFWVIURPZRPHQLQWKH&LYLO:DUDQG:RUOG:DU,WRRXURZQVWDWHKLVWRU\ One of the most exciting moments for the editorial board is when new submissions VWDUWUROOLQJLQ'LVFRYHULQJDQHZDQGSRZHUIXOZULWHULVDOZD\VDMR\:HWKHUHIRUHVWURQJO\ encourage AUM students to respond with gusto to our annual “Call for Papers.” When \RXVHHWKRVHÁ\HUVLQWKHKDOOZD\VDQGRQWKHEXOOHWLQERDUGVSOHDVHFRQVLGHUVXEPLWWLQJD piece of historical writing of which you are particularly proud or which has been praised by a professor; your work may be published next year! We would like to thank everyone who contributed work for consideration and HVSHFLDOO\WKRVHZKRVHZRUNLVQRZLQSULQW)RU\RXUHIIRUWVDQGSDWLHQFHLQHGLWLQJZH thank our authors Rachel Guyette, Tyler Rice, Kimberly Leifer, and Leanne Waller-Trupp. )RU\RXUDUWLVWLFFRQWULEXWLRQVZHWKDQN3URIHVVRU%UHXQD%DLQHDQGKHU7\SRJUDSK\,, students for another year of excellent contributions; we especially thank our cover designer .ULVW\Q5HFNQDJHODQGRXULQWHUQDOGHVLJQHU0HJDQ6WDQOH\7KDQN\RXDOVRWR'HDQ 0LFKDHO%XUJHUDQGWKH&ROOHJHRI$UWVDQG6FLHQFHVDQGWR'U7LP+HQGHUVRQDQG7UDF\ *RRGZLQLQWKH+LVWRU\'HSDUWPHQWIRU\RXUFRQWLQXHGVXSSRUW$ELJWKDQN\RXWR'U Steven Gish for sponsoring the Review and being a constant source of guidance, support, and sound advice as we work towards the completion of each and every issue. We offer a special thanks to many outside organizations that have been a part of this ZRUN2QFHDJDLQWKDQN\RXWRWKH$ODEDPD'HSDUWPHQWRI$UFKLYHVDQG+LVWRU\ZH especially appreciate being able to review the new Alabama Voices Gallery. Thank you to WKH$ODEDPD1DWLRQDO3DUN6HUYLFHSDUWLFXODUO\WKRVHDWWKH7XVNHJHH$LUPHQ+LVWRULFDO Letter from the Editors Letter from the 6LWH7KDQN\RXDOVRWRWKHSHRSOHRI7XVNHJHH$ODEDPDIRUKHOSLQJXVÀQGWKH+LVWRULFDO Site. Of course we are grateful to the organizations that granted us permission to use their images and to our advertisers. Last, but far from least, we thank our fellow editors Jennifer Kellum, Tyler Rice, Catherine Walden, and LaKendrick Richardson, without whom we would never have made it through the editing process. We have truly appreciated your insight and perspective on the following pieces. Thank you also to Madison Clark who secured commercial support IRURXUMRXUQDOWKXVHQDEOLQJXVWRDVSLUHWRQHZKHLJKWVIRUWKHQH[WLVVXH7RWKHVHDQG all of the past editorial staff who paved the way, a heartfelt thank you. And to you -- our readers -- thank you. We hope you are enriched and enlivened by this edition of the AUM Historical Review. .DWLH.LGGDQG.HOKL'H3DFH(GLWRUV 3 AUM Historical Review &RXUWHV\RI$ODEDPD'HSDUWPHQWRI$UFKLYHVDQG+LVWRU\0RQWJRPHU\$ODEDPD 4 AUM Historical Review FromSelma Sleepy Town to “Queen City” of the Confederacy 5DFKHO*X\HWWH With skin of ebony glistening in the sight, Mary thoughtlessly steps on the southern sun and beads of sweat dripping paper, not realizing that its topic is going from her young brow, little Mary walks to dramatically alter her life and situation, innocently from the big house on the but at four years old, Mary’s mind has not fringe of Selma, Alabama to the slave yet grasped the meaning of freedom. The quarters after her tasks are completed in war is raging, the Union army is advancing the main kitchen. Sauntering along the deeper into the Confederacy, and there is ROGGLUWSDWK0DU\ÀQGVFRPIRUWLQEHLQJ a promise of freedom in its wake. As one allowed to knead dough in the kitchen of the main military manufacturing centers with her mother. She gazes starry-eyed of the Confederacy, Mary’s hometown of at the massive, moss-covered live oak Selma has become a Union target. Rich in trees surrounding her, when suddenly an black belt soil and perched alongside the afternoon gust blows a newspaper from Alabama River, which enabled year-round the master’s desk onto the worn trail she crop growth and initially attracted farmers follows. Two years have passed since to settle the land, the Confederacy selected the onset of the Civil War and President Selma to produce more than foodstuffs /LQFROQ·VLVVXHRIWKH(PDQFLSDWLRQ during the American Civil War—a purpose Proclamation has captured newspaper that would eventually cause the city’s KHDGOLQHVDFURVV1RUWK$PHULFD:LWK GHPLVH,QXQGHUVWDQGLQJLWVLPSRUWDQFHWR WKHQRLV\IDFWRULHVRIWKH1DYDO<DUGLQ the Confederacy between 1861 and 1865, Rachel Bethany Guyette recently graduated from AUM with a Bachelor of Arts in history and is now pursuing a Master’s degree in education. Rachel is a member of Phi Alpha Theta and works for her family’s construction business, which specializes in historic districts. She believes that history allows individuals to see who they are and their connection to the national and international community. one must examine Selma at the onset of devastation that the 1865 Battle of Selma the war and during the war, as well as the FDXVHG,QThe Story of Selma, Jackson challenges it faced after the war ended. provides detailed accounts of Selma’s Through the course of the Civil War, people trying to regain its charter after Selma morphed from a sleepy town to a the war, listing voting records and even bustling industrial city, and in the process, post-war meeting advertisements to discuss it became one of the Confederacy’s most loans and resolutions. Without these important urban centers and producers of researchers, much of the history of Selma war material as the “Queen City” of the would remain unknown; and without the South. original “historians” who documented Located in the heart of the South, history through sources such as letters, Selma has been widely researched and telegraphs, and diaries during the Civil written about by a variety of well-respected War, historical accounts would essentially historians for its contributions during the be nonexistent. Therefore, combining Civil War. Covering its importance as an both primary and secondary sources, a DUVHQDOFHQWHU(UQHVW%-RKQVWRQSUHVHQWV new viewpoint will be presented in this an excellent overview of why Selma was paper: Selma as a whole before, during, chosen and how the city became successful and immediately after the Civil War, in his book Selma, Alabama As a Center with a central emphasis on its industrial of Confederate War Production, 1860-1865. VLJQLÀFDQFHWRWKH&RQIHGHUDF\1 He sheds light on Selma’s geographical The name Selma, meaning a high VLJQLÀFDQFHWRWKH&RQIHGHUDF\PDNHV seat or throne, was selected from William clear that it was originally a cotton Macpherson’s “Songs of Ossian” poem WRZQEXWTXLFNO\SURÀWHGDVDWRZQRI and was chosen in 1820 by William Rufus industry, and enlightens readers on the King, a founder of Alabama, who chose city’s downfall toward the end of the the name well, as the land is situated on a war. Similarly, in The Alabama Confederate high northern bank of the Alabama River. Reader, historian Malcolm C. McMillan Just a year earlier, on March 16, 1819, FODULÀHV6HOPD·VUROHLQWKH&RQIHGHUDWH .LQJDORQJZLWKD'U*HRUJH3KLOOLSV war effort as an ordnance center, while also DSSHDUHGDWWKH)HGHUDO/DQG2IÀFHLQ explaining the changes Selma faced after the Alabama Territory to purchase 460 the war due to its destruction by Union acres here. The river was well-known to raiders. While historians like Johnston and travelers, who often referred to the area McMillan highlighted Selma’s importance as “Moore’s Bluff,” after a Tennessean as a war production center, others, such named Thomas Moore who built a cabin as Walter M. Jackson, focus more on the on the site in 1815. King was a member of 6 AUM Historical Review the Selma Land Company, which initially Alabama