Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from the northern part Title of Kuril-Kamchatka arc: Tectonic and structural constraints on the origin and evolution of arc magma Author(s) Bergal-Kuvikas, Olga Citation Issue Date 2015-09-25 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/60073 Right Type theses (doctoral) Additional Information File Information Bergal-Kuvikas_Olga.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy in Petrology and Volcanology research group, Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from the northern part of Kuril-Kamchatka arc: Tectonic and structural constraints on the origin and evolution of arc magma （クリル・カムチャッカ弧北部の火山岩に関する地球化学的研究： 深部構造が島弧マグマの起源および進化に与える影響について） Bergal-Kuvikas Olga Hokkaido University August 2015 Acknowledgement I am wishing to thank Japanese government for the chance to study at Japan. Scholarship for research students (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) was spent at Hokkaido University under guided by Prof. Mitsuhiro Nakagawa since October 2010 to September 2015. Especially thanks for all members of Petrology and Volcanology research group at Hokkaido University. I am grateful to Dr. Mizuho Amma-Miyasaka, Dr. Akiko Matsumoto, Ms. Ayumi Kosugi, Prof. Takeshi Kuritani for assistance and support in analytical experiences. Thanks for Mr. K. Nakamura for helpful recommendation in making thin sections. My dissertation is a part of Japanese-Russian project of study Klyuchevskoy volcano. I grateful to geologists and volcanologists of this project. For many years cooperation, I gratitude to Dr. Ya. Muravev, Ms. N. Malik, Mr. A. Ovsyannikov, Dr. Y. Ishizuka, Dr. T. Hasegawa, Dr. S. Uesawa. Geological team of project wish thanks to Mr. S. Chirkov, Mr. Y. Demyanschuk, Mr. S. Serovetnikov, Ms. E. Klimenko, Mr. Shimada, Mr. I. Kosuke, Ms. E. Nikonova, Ms. O. Muravyeva and geophysical team of project for support in field works on Kamchatka. I am indebted to my first teacher Prof. Gennady Avdeiko for many years assistance. Thanks to him I made first steps in petrology and geodynamic. Prof. G. Avdeiko is a main source for me of knowledge about geodynamic, tectonic setting of Kamchatka. I was a glad to work together with Prof. G. Avdeiko as a highly professional specialist truly dedicated to passion. Colleagues from Russian Academy of science, especially Prof. V. Ponomareva, Dr. M. Portnyagin, Dr. T. Churikova. Dr. N. Gorbach are thanked for their constructive discussion and critical comments of my research. Sincere appreciation to my parents, Kuvikas Luidmila and Valery, for belief me and development of my personality. Thanks for my brother Maxim Kuvikas for encouragement. 2 My graduation will be impossible without moral support and everyday aid from my husband Bergal Valdemar. I wish to thank my lovely sons Valdis and Algis for everyday happiness and smiles. For me they are main sources of forces for study and work. 3 Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 2 Contents ................................................................................................................................. 4 General introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 Part I. Geochemical studies on time-series samples from the Klyuchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka arc Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2. Tectonic setting and general geology of Klyuchevskoy volcano 2.1. Tectonic setting of Central Kamchatka Depression ............................................ 22 2.2. Volcanoes of Central Kamchatka Depression and their temporal evolution ...... 24 2.3. Geology of Klyuchevskoy volcano and characteristics of activities .................. 26 2.3.1. General geology ..................................................................................... 26 2.3.2. Prehistorical activities ............................................................................ 28 2.3.3. Historical activities ................................................................................. 31 Chapter 3. Samples and analytical procedures ............................................................... 36 Chapter 4. Petrography ..................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 5. Geochemistry ................................................................................................... 41 5.1. Major and trace element compositions ................................................................ 41 4 5.2. Radiogenic isotopes ............................................................................................. 45 5.3. Comparison of Klyuchevskoy volcano with other volcanoes in Central Kamchatka Depression ........................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 6. Spatial and geochemical variations of cinder cones .................................... 49 6.1. Spatial variations of cinder cones ........................................................................ 49 6.2. Geochemical variations of historic magma ......................................................... 52 Chapter 7. Discussion ........................................................................................................ 57 7.1. Classification of magma types ............................................................................ 57 7.2. Origin of low-K and high-K primary magmas .................................................... 61 7.2.1. Factors controlling primary magma compositions ................................. 61 7.2.2. Difference of source compositions ......................................................... 62 7.2.3. Degrees of melting ................................................................................. 64 7.2.3. Generation conditions ............................................................................ 65 7.3. Origin of evolved magmas .................................................................................. 67 7.4. Temporal evolutions of Klyuchevkskoy magmas ............................................... 69 7.5. Schematic model of magma genesis and evolution of Klyuchevskoy volcano during last 4000 years .......................................................................................... 72 Chapter 8. Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74 Part II. Origin of spatial compositional variations of volcanic rocks from the Northern Kurile Islands, Russia: Geochemical studies of active volcanoes on the Paramushir, Atlasov, Antsiferov islands and adjacent submarine volcanoes Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 75 5 Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 79 1.1. Overview of previous works for Kurile Arc and southern Kamchatka .............. 80 1.2. Purpose of this study ........................................................................................... 84 Chapter 2. Tectonic setting and general geology of Kurile Island Arc ......................... 85 2.1. Tectonic setting of Kurile islands ........................................................................ 85 2.2. General geology of northern Kurile Islands ........................................................ 89 2.3. Quaternary volcanoes in the studied area ............................................................ 91 2.3.1. Paramushir island ................................................................................... 91 a) Chikurachki, Tatarinova, Lomonosava volcanoes ................ 91 b) Fuss volcano .......................................................................... 93 c) Ebeko volcanic group ............................................................ 94 2.3.2. Atlasova island ....................................................................................... 96 a) Alaid volcano ......................................................................... 96 2.3.3. Antsiferov island .................................................................................... 98 a) Shirinki volcano ..................................................................... 98 2.3.4. Submarine volcanoes .............................................................................. 99 a) Grigoreva volcano .................................................................. 99 b) Submarine volcano 1.4 .......................................................... 99 c) Submarine volcano 1.3 .......................................................... 99 Chapter 3. Sampling and analytical procedures ........................................................... 101 Chapter 4. Petrography ................................................................................................... 103 Chapter 5. Zonation of the volcanoes ............................................................................