23 Nyctalus (N.F.), Berlin 19 (2018), Heft 1, S. 23-27 New records of Northern bats ( Eptesicus nilssonii ) in boreal clear cuts emphasize the value of green-tree retention for conservation 1HXH1DFKZHLVHGHU1RUGÁHGHUPDXV Eptesicus nilssonii ) unterstreichen den Erhalt von Einzelbäumen auf borealen Kahlschlägen Von SIMON T HORN , Rauhenebrach, SEBASTIAN S EIBOLD , Freising, OSMO HEIKKALA , MATTI KOIVULA , PARVATHY VENUGOPAL , JARI KOUKI (alle Joensuu) Abstract ,QFUHDVLQJ PDQDJHPHQW LQWHQVLÀFDWLRQ RI IRUHVWV ZRUOGZL - et al. 2005). For example, increasingly intensive de has decreased biodiversity across multiple taxonomical forest management has altered forest biodiversity groups. To limit these losses conservationists promote green- across multiple taxonomical groups ( PAILLET et al. WUHHUHWHQWLRQLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKSUHVFULEHGÀUHVLQERUHDO forests. We evaluated the potential value of retention trees on 2010). To limit these losses various retention ap- prescribed-burned clear cuttings for bats, an important target proaches have been proposed ( LINDENMAYER et al. WD[RQLQQDWXUHFRQVHUYDWLRQ%HQHDWKORRVHEDUNRIÀUHNLOOHG 2012). In case of boreal forests across the north ern retention trees we found two adult male individuals of Epte- sicus nilssonii roosting in less than two meters’ height. This hemisphere retention approaches are increasing- ÀQGLQJXQGHUOLQHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWUHHUHWHQWLRQRQFOHDU O\FRPPRQO\FRPELQHGZLWKSUHVFULEHGÀUHRI cuttings for nature conservation in boreal forests. varying severity to mimic natural-disturbance dynamics ( GRANSTRÖM 2001; RYAN et al. 2013). Keywords 6XFKDFRPELQDWLRQ\LHOGVVLJQLÀFDQWLPSDFWLQ conservation of rare saproxylic beetles ( HYVÄ - conservation, forest management, Eptesicus nilssonii , pre- VFULEHGÀUHV)LQODQG RINEN et al. 2006), birds and small mammals (FONTAINE & KENNEDY 2012). Hence, variable Zusammenfassung retention has become a common conservation measure at clear cuts in Fennoscandia since the Durch eine Intensivierung der Waldbewirtschaftung sind die mid-1990’s ( GUSTAFSSON et al. 2010). Concurrent unterschiedlichsten taxonomischen Gruppen weltweit ge- fährdet. Um die negativen Effekte der Waldbewirtschaftung with the development of different retention ap- zu limitieren, treiben Naturschützer den Erhalt von Einzel- proaches forest-dwelling bats have become im- bäumen, sogenannten „Retention-Trees“, in Kahlschlägen, portant conservation targets ( JONES et al. 2009). sowie künstliche Feuer in borealen Wäldern, voran. In die- ser Studie haben wir stichprobenartig überprüft, ob diese 6HYHUDOVWXGLHVKDYHEHHQFRQGXFWHGRQWKHÁLJKW Retention-Trees als Quartier für Fledermäuse geeignet sind. activity of these bats through various silvicultu- In Rindenschuppen von verbrannten Bäumen konnten zwei ral treatments using ultrasonic detectors ( MIL - DGXOWH0lQQFKHQGHU1RUGÁHGHUPDXV Eptesicus nilssonii ) in LER et al. 2003). These studies have commonly weniger als 2 m Höhe gefunden werden. Diese Beobachtung untermauert die Bedeutung solcher Bäume als Naturschutz- detected differences in bat activity among vari- instrument in borealen Wäldern. ous harvesting regimes and the impacts of forest edges and fragmentation on them ( HENDERSON Schlüsselwörter et al. 2008; HOGBERG et al. 2002; MORRIS et al. 2010; PATRIQUIN & B ARCLAY 2003). Few studies Naturschutz, Forstwirtschaft, Eptesicus nilssonii , Kontrollier- have exclusively focused on prescribed burning. tes Feuer, Finland. LOEB & WALDROP (2008) reported higher bat ac- tivities in thinned than in unharvested stands of 1 Introduction hardwood forest in North America, whereas the /DQGXVHLQWHQVLÀFDWLRQKDVOHGWRDQLQFUHDVLQJ activity in thinned-and-burned and burned-only pressure on forest ecosystems worldwide ( FOLEY stands was intermediate. S. THORN HWDO1HXH1DFKZHLVHGHU1RUGÁHGHUPDXV (Eptesicus nilssonii) 25 Fig. 1: Northern bat ( Eptesicus nilssonii A URRVWLQJLQDÀUHNLOOHGUHWHQWLRQWUHH ZKLWHDUURZ DWDFOHDUFXWWLQJLQHDVW central Finland (white dot in box B). $EE1RUGÁHGHUPDXV Eptesicus nilssonii A) in einem verbrannten Baum (weißer Pfeil) auf einem Kahlschlag im öst- OLFKHQ=HQWUDOÀQQODQG ZHLHU3XQNWLQ%R[B). than in vital stands and non-salvaged bark beetle- proach to roosting sites of bats, particularly in NLOOHGSORWV7RHQDEOHEDWVWREHQHÀWIURPWKHLQ - intensively-managed forests with low amounts of creased prey abundance at cleared plots it would standing dead or dying tree s ( RUSSO et al. 2010). be necessary to provide roosts nearby foraging grounds for lessening predation rates ( BOYLES & Literature UBREY A 2XUÀQGLQJRIURRVWLQJ1RUWKHUQ BARCLAY , R. & KURTA , A. (2007): Ecology and behavior of bats, which are indeed open-habitat foragers, in bats roosting in tree cavities and under bark. In: MJ the center of a clear cutting supports this assump- L, JP H, A K (Eds) Bats in forests. The John Hop- kins University Press, Baltimore, 17–60. tion ( MÜLLER et al. 2012). One short- and mid- BOYLES , J. G., AUBREY D. P. (2006): Managing forests with term tool to create such roosting sites in retention SUHVFULEHGÀUH,PSOLFDWLRQVIRUDFDYLW\GZHOOLQJ WUHHVLVWKHXVHRISUHVFULEHGÀUHSDUWLFXODUO\LQ bat species. Forest Ecology and Management 222 : WKHOLJKWRISRVWÀUHVQDJORQJHYLW\ DALZIEL & 108-115. DALZIEL , B. D. & PERERA , A. H. (2009): PERERA 2009; RUSSELL et al. 2006). At this point, Tree Mortality Fol- lowing Boreal Forest Fires Reveals Scale-Depen- comparative studies should be conducted to es- dant Interactions Between Community Structure timate the longevity of loose-bark roosts under and Fire Intensity. Ecosystems 12 : 973-981. different types of retention treatment. Besides the DIETZ , C., VON HELVERSEN , O. & NILL , D. (2007): Handbuch importance of retention trees for bats a continu- der Fledermäuse Europas und Nordwestafrikas: ous supply of dead and dying trees is crucial for Biologie, Kennzeichen, Gefährdung. Franckh-Kos- mos Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. other taxa ( ROSENVALD & LÕHMUS 2008). Hence, FENTON , M. B. (1997): Science and the conservation of bats. RXUÀQGLQJH[WHQGVWKHJUHHQWUHHUHWHQWLRQDS - Journal of Mammalogy 78 : 1-14. 26 S. THORN HWDO1HXH1DFKZHLVHGHU1RUGÁHGHUPDXV(Eptesicus nilssonii) Fig. 2: A Group of retention trees (right corner) on a clearcut close to Joensuu, Central Finland. $EE(LQH*UXSSHVRJHQDQQWHUÅ5HWHQWLRQWUHHV´DXIHLQHP.DKOVFKODJLQGHU1lKHYRQ-RHQVXX0LWWHOÀQQODQG FOLEY , J. A., DE F RIES , R., ASNER , G. P., B ARFORD , C., B O- management on saproxylic beetle assemblages. NAN , G., CARPENTER , S. R., CHAPIN , F. S., COE , M. T., Biological Conservation 194 : 39–47. DAILY , G. C., GIBBS, H. K., HELKOWSKI , J. H., HOLLO - HOGBERG , L. K., PATRIQUIN , K. J. & B ARCLAY , R. M. R. WAY , T., HOWARD , E. A., KUCHARIK , C. J., MONFREDA , (2002): Use by bats of patches of residual trees in C., PATZ , J. A., PRENTICE , I. C., RAMANKUTTY , N., logged areas of the Boreal forest. American Mid- SNYDER , P. K. (2005): Global consequences of land land Naturalist 148 : 282-288. use. Science 309 : 570-574. HUTTO , R. L., GALLO , S. M. 7KHHIIHFWVRISRVWÀ - FONTAINE , J. B., KENNEDY , P. L. (2012): Meta-analysis of avi- re salvage logging on cavity-nesting birds. Condor DQDQGVPDOOPDPPDOUHVSRQVHWRÀUHVHYHULW\DQG 108 : 817-831. ÀUHVXUURJDWHWUHDWPHQWVLQ86ÀUHSURQHIRUHVWV HYVÄRINEN , E., KOUKI , J., MARTIKAINEN , P. (2006): Fire and Ecological Applications 22 : 1547-1561. green-tree retention in conservation of red-listed GRANSTRÖM , A. (2001): Fire management for biodiversity in and rare deadwood-dependent beetles in Finnish the European boreal forest. Scandinavian Journal boreal forests. Conservation Biology 20 : 1711-1719. of Forest Research 16 : 62-69. 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(2009): Importance of night roosts 141 : 1819-1828. for bat conservation: roosting behaviour of the HEIKKALA , O., MARTIKAINEN , P. & KOUKI , J. (2016): Decadal lesser horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus hipposideros ). effects of emulating natural disturbances in forest Endangered Species Research 8: 79 - 86. S. THORN HWDO1HXH1DFKZHLVHGHU1RUGÁHGHUPDXV (Eptesicus nilssonii) 27 KUNZ , T. (1982): Roosting ecology. In: TH K (Ed) Ecology PATRIQUIN , K. J. & B ARCLAY , R. M. R. (2003): Foraging by of bats. Plenum Press, New York, 1-55. bats in cleared, thinned and unharvested boreal fo- KURTA , A. (2001): Bats on the surface: The need for shelter, rest. Journal of Applied Ecology 40 : 646-657. food, and water. In: Vories KC, Throgmorton D PERRY , R. W., THILL , R. E., LESLIE & J R D. M. ( 2007): Selec- (Eds) Bat Conservation and Mining: A Technical tion of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse fo- Interactive Forum, Proceedings. 197 - 204. rested landscape. 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