Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1999 The Textual Relation of the Peshitta of Ezekiel 1-12 to MT and to the Ancient Versions (Tg-J and LXX) Joaquim Azevedo Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Azevedo, Joaquim, "The Textual Relation of the Peshitta of Ezekiel 1-12 to MT and to the Ancient Versions (Tg-J and LXX)" (1999). Dissertations. 11. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/11 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS The original manuscript received by UMI contains pages with slanted print. Pages were microfilmed as received. This reproduction is the best copy available UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE TEXTUAL RELATION OF THE PESffflTA OF EZEKIEL 1-12 TO 01 AND TO THE ANCIENT VERSIONS (CJ and <S) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Joaquim Azevedo April 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9929065 UMI Microform 9929065 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE TEXTUAL RELATION OF THE PESHITTA OF EZEKIEL 1-12 TO IR AND TO THE ANCIENT VERSIONS (CJ and©) A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Joaqtnm A?.evedo APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE Faculty Adviser, Director, Ph.D./T Leona G. Running dall W. You Professor of Biblical Languages, Emerita Richard M. Davidson DeanJSDATbeetogitj Seminary J. N. Andrews Professor of jfnepKr'^yhmeiste Old T estament Interpretation WV-Larry Richards Professor of New Testament Exegesis David Merling, Sr. Associate Professor of Archaeology and History of Antiquity i t S , Richard A. Taylor Date approved Professor of Old Testament Studies Dallas Theological Seminary Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT THE TEXTUAL RELATION OF THE PESHITTA OF EZEKIEL 1-12 TO rR AND TO THE ANCIENT VERSIONS (€J and (S) by Joaquim Azevedo Adviser: Leona Glidden Running Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE TEXTUAL RELATION OF THE PESHITTA. OF EZEKIEL 1-12 TO IR AND TO THE ANCIENT VERSIONS (CD and <S) Name of the researcher: Joaquim Azevedo Name of the faculty adviser Leona Glidden Running, Ph.D. Date completed: April 1999 Problem The dilemma of the Syriac version is its mysterious provenance and the direct relationship it may have to the other versions (particularly <S and £J). Thus some scholars have automatically discarded or ignored the Peshitta version as a useful tool (as a textual witness) for the study of the Hebrew text. The knowledge of textual problems, in this case the relationship of 9 to the ancient versions, is of extreme importance in the analysis and study of the Hebrew Bible. The awareness of <S, CJ, and IR employed in the textual composition of 9 will help in exegetic, semantic, and linguistic studies of the Old Testament. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Method Critical editions of the OT with their apparatus constitute the basic database for this study. This work consists of a comparative, analytic, and evaluative study of the Peshitta version of Ezekiel in relationship to the ancient versions (<8, and £J) and to HI. The study covers the first twelve chapters of Ezekiel, but only those readings in the S that indicate a probable relationship to an external source are taken into consideration. Conclusion S (Ezek 1-12) was based on a Hebrew text similar to that of IR, and any relationship to another ancient version can be explained as a mere coincidence or by the use of a common translation technique. In this case S is useful as a tool in textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, for it is a valuable witness to a Hebrew consonantal text very similar to lit. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. “Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that he mav lift you up in due time.” ' (1 Peter 5:6, NIV) bs’TTi rrn» ’bo n’:nb Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS................................................. xiv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... xix INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................. 1 Delimitation ...................................................................................................... 4 Justification ....................................................................................................... 7 Methodology .................................................................................................... 7 First Phase.................................................................................................. 8 Second Phase ............................................................................................. 8 Review of Literature ........................................................................................ 9 Chapter I. GENERAL GUIDELINES ................................................................................17 Criteria for Evaluating the Relationship Among the V ersions .........................................................................18 Lund’s Criteria .................................................................................. 19 Invalid Criteria ...........................................................................19 Valid C riterion .......................................................................... 21 Taylor’s Criterion .............................................................................21 Criteria Derived from the Present Study .........................................22 The Text of Ezekiel ................................................................................24 The Masoretic T e x t .......................................................................... 25 The Syriac Text ................................................................................25 Syriac Manuscripts ..................................................................