View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington Pule: Development policy sovereignty in Samoa Avataeao Junior Ulu 2013 A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Development Studies School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 11 Overall aim: ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Research questions: ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Thesis structure ............................................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER TWO: AID AND SOVEREIGNTY ........................................................... 15 Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Aid over the last decade ................................................................................................................................ 15 Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) ...................................................................................... 18 Millennium Development Goals ........................................................................................................ 19 Figure 1: Official development assistance (ODA) 1990 – 2010, billion US dollars ........................... 20 Figure 2: Official Development assistance (ODA) 1990 – 2010, % of GNI ...................................... 21 Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) ................................................................................... 21 Sector Wide Approaches (SWAp) ..................................................................................................... 22 Aid effectiveness ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Sovereignty ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER THREE: SAMOA MO SAMOA .............................................................. 33 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Samoa .............................................................................................................................................................. 33 Early Foreigners to Samoa............................................................................................................................ 34 Christianity...................................................................................................................................................... 34 German Samoa ............................................................................................................................................... 37 The New Zealand Administration and the rise of the Mau movement ...................................................... 38 Independence ................................................................................................................................................. 43 Fa’aSamoa ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3: Differences between Western and Pacific Worldviews ..................................................... 44 Samoa’s unique government system .......................................................................................................... 46 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY AND METHODS ........................................... 49 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 49 Influences to my research ............................................................................................................................. 49 2 Worldviews ........................................................................................................................................ 50 Ontology ............................................................................................................................................ 51 My positionality .................................................................................................................................. 52 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................... 54 Methods........................................................................................................................................................... 56 Interviews/ Talanoa: .......................................................................................................................... 56 Review of GoS documentation:......................................................................................................... 60 My personal observations: ................................................................................................................ 60 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER FIVE: THE GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA AND AID ............................... 62 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 62 The Government of Samoa ........................................................................................................................... 62 The economy of Samoa ................................................................................................................................. 64 Figure 4: ODA from Donors in Samoa .............................................................................................. 68 Donors ............................................................................................................................................................. 68 Figure 5: Top 10 donors of gross ODA to Samoa............................................................................. 69 Figure 6: Development Funding ........................................................................................................ 69 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 71 CHAPTER SIX: GOS SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT POLICY ....... 72 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 72 Development Policy Globally ........................................................................................................................ 72 GoS and the principles of the Paris Declaration ............................................................................... 73 GoS and the Millennium Development Goals ................................................................................... 74 South-South Cooperation and Capacity Development Programme ................................................. 75 Development Policy Regionally .................................................................................................................... 76 Cairns Compact ................................................................................................................................ 76 Development Policy Locally ......................................................................................................................... 77 Strategy for the Development of Samoa (SDS) ................................................................................ 78 The Development Cooperation Policy .............................................................................................