Cultural Interaction in the Works of M. Zhumabayev as the Basis for the Development of a National Literary Tradition Nazira Dossanova1a, Omirkhan Abdimanuly2a, Almasbek Maulenov3a, Yerkhan Karbozov4a, Nursulu Matbek5a Abstract ARTICLE HISTORY: The construction of a system of national literature is based on an understanding of the meaning of the language form Received April 2021 and its adaptation to the area where literary creativity is Received in Revised form June 2021 developing. The relevance of the study is determined by the Accepted June 2021 fact that it is necessary to highlight the directions of the Available online July 2021 locality of texts and their formalization in the space of a geographical nature. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the connection between the locality of a text and the geographical basis is considered as the foundation for the formation of the literary tradition and as a KEYWORDS: formalization of previously known social processes. The article reveals the features of the literary heritage of M. Language Zhumabayev and its influence on the formation of the Local literature modern literary Kazakh language. The practical significance Text of the study is determined by the fact that the local text is Tradition considered within the framework of a general understanding Work of the problems of national literature. © 2021 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 PhD Candidate, Email: [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Tel: +8-727-3773330 2 Professor, Email: [email protected] 3 PhD, Email: [email protected] 4 PhD, Email: [email protected] 5 PhD, Email: [email protected] a Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan 2 Cultural Interaction in the Works of M. Zhumabayev 1. Introduction language, which is a means of communication between representatives of a particular ethnic mportant consequences of verbal contact group and is formed as a result of the ethnic are convergent (integration) changes in the process of integration (mixing). Creolisation is I history of languages. These changes are defined as a complex process of sociolinguistic distinguished by the scale, intensity, level of changes, which includes the process of linguistic structure at which they occur. When expanding the internal form of the language in convergent processes are very intense, they combination with the context of the expansion result in linguistic unions. If convergence of its use. At the same time, the Creole prevails over divergence, mixed forms of language is autonomous, recognized by native communication are formed – trade jargon, speakers as a native language, and operates in pidgin, Creole languages. Long and intense a multilingual society. contact causes speech interaction and the coexistence of languages in the individual Bilingualism as a psycholinguistic model of consciousness of native speakers (bilingualism) verbal contact and the phenomenon of and in one society (diglossia) (Bartoloni, multilingual society played an important role 2015). in the works of one of the greatest Kazakh poets M. Zhumabayev. The poet received Long contacts and the convergence of primary education from aul mullah. In 1905- languages stimulate individual bilingualism, 1910 studied at the madrasah of which is becoming widespread in various Petropavlovsk, in 1910-1911 – at the Galia areas. Language unions are created, which madrasah in Ufa, where one of his mentors cover the languages of different families (the was the classic of Tatar literature Galimzhan Volga, Himalayan unions) or one family Ibrahimov, then at the Omsk Russian (Balkan Union). Unions are large areal Seminary. In 1923-1926 studied at the associations of languages that share common Moscow Literary and Art Institute. Magzhan characteristics, mainly at the phonetic and Zhumabayev began to write poetry at the age grammatical levels, for example, stabilization of fourteen. In 1929, Zhumabayev was of stress on a particular syllable or the arrested in Petropavlovsk as an Alashordian, emergence of a new past tense (Zhou, 2011). pan-Turkist, and Japanese spy, and sentenced Due to the intense, albeit unsystematic to 10 years in prison. He served time in contacting of multilingual peoples, (mixed) Karelia and the Arkhangelsk region. In 1936, pidgin and Creole languages develop. The at the request of M. Gorky and E. Peshkova, processes of their development can be Zhumabayev was prematurely released from considered as the emergence of a new the political prisoner camp, but on December language based on several languages 30, 1937, he was again arrested in Alma-Ata (Malmkjær, 1999). Pidgin is relevant for and shot by the NKVD on March 19, 1938. situationally limited contact (professional During the years of national independence, his activity, trade), is characterized by the poems returned to the people and became a intensity and speed of occurrence when one of national treasure (Shesterikov, 1993). the languages becomes the source of the The neglect of the West towards the East, the formation of the pidgin language, from which culture of non-European peoples, the phonetics, word formation, and grammar are prevailing negative image of the East borrowed (Bartholomae, 2005). This is continued to exist in the era of the Kazakh accompanied by a reduction in vocabulary poet Magzhan Zhumabayev. The poet, for (Valdez, 2011). It is important that pidgins whom a person who has always been closely arise in conditions of an urgent need for connected with the history of his people, his communication, are not native to any social land, the citizen devoted to his nation and groups in contact, and function as a lingua homeland, has always tried to change this franca in the process of communication stereotypical image and approach to the East between people with insufficient knowledge of through his literary and social activities. another language (Cronin, 2012). According to the Azerbaijani researcher A. Under favorable social and political Mammadov (2009), in his work M. conditions, pidgin evolves into the Creole Zhumabayev tried to break up the inferiority N. Dossanova et al./ International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 2021 ISSN 2329-2210 3 complex, which they systematically tried to reflected in the work of Magzhan Zhumabayev introduce into the ethnonational consciousness (Shesterikov, 1993). of the Turkic peoples. Since Magzhan Zhumabayev is a prominent The creativity of each artist is always, to one representative of Kazakh literature and his degree or another, a product of his era, the works carry Kazakh national literary tradition, result of traditions, aesthetic and ethical views the purpose of this research was to highlight of his people and time, which in turn are the directions of the locality of texts and their determined by the specific historical features formalization in space of a geographical nature inherent in each era of a particular social and to reveal the features of the literary formation. By the beginning of Zhumabayev's heritage of M. Zhumabayev and its influence literary activity, various West European on the formation of the Kazakh modern philosophical teachings began to penetrate and literary tradition. gain popularity in the East, influencing the general atmosphere of the country's spiritual 2. Theoretical Framework and political life. Born in the 80s of 19 century In the 18th century, Kazakhstan became a part among the Tatar intelligentsia, the bourgeois- of the Russian Empire. This process had an liberal movement (Jadidism), which was influence on East-West cultural interaction originally a cultural and educational movement including the contact of Kazakh and Russian for reforming the old system of Muslim languages. The important consequence of the education, for the necessity for European contact between two languages is the education for Muslims, gradually acquired a phenomenon of bilingualism. Actually, pronounced coloring of the bourgeois-liberal, through the speech practice of alternately national-political and ideological movement using the two languages of some part of the throughout Turkestan. social collective, one system is influenced by The literary work of Zhumabaev, who, by his another system (Franke, 2018). The reasoning political views, aesthetic and creative pursuits of M. Zhumabayev on bilingualism as a adjoined the Jadidism movement, should be psycholinguistic model of verbal contact is considered in organic connection with the fair. This idea is confirmed by the results of historical reality of that era. The poet lived and the study of individual bilingualism, which is worked in a difficult period when there was an defined as a psychic mechanism (namely, unprecedented breakdown of the life of the knowledge, skills) that allows a person to Kazakh people, an era of great social reproduce and generate speech elements upheavals began. The eastern problem, which belonging to two or more than two language excited the minds of politicians and systems and express their thoughts in an intelligentsia of Russia, was revived with accessible form for others (Hollingworth, renewed vigor during the period of great 1997). The operation of this mechanism, its changes in Turkestan. The issue of the ways of effectiveness depends on the quantity and further development of Turkestan itself, its degree of language proficiency (how well a role and place in the West-East system has person knows a language that he uses); become more active. There was a functions (for which a person uses languages); differentiation