VAC ZAMBIA Vulnerability Assessment Committee 2009 In-Depth Vulnerability and Needs Technical Assessment Report By The Zambia Vulnerability Assessment Committee (ZVAC) June 2009 Lusaka Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................v Acronyms.................................................................................................................................. vi Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. vii 1.0. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives....................................................................................................2 1.3. Scope of the In-Depth Vulnerability and Needs Assessment................................2 1.4. Methods and Procedures................................................................................3 1.5 Limitations................................................................................................. 11 2.0. CONTEXT.........................................................................................................................12 2.1. The Economy ................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Agriculture and Food Security....................................................................... 13 2.3. Water and Sanitation....................................................................................... 23 2.4. Health ........................................................................................................... 24 2.5. Nutrition ........................................................................................................ 26 2.6. Education....................................................................................................... 28 2.7. Social Protection............................................................................................. 31 2.8. Human Habitation and Shelter.......................................................................... 32 3.0. FINDINGS.........................................................................................................................34 3.1. General Demographics for the Sampled Population.............................................. 34 3.2. Livelihoods, Incomes and Expenditure Patterns................................................... 35 3.3. Agriculture and Food Security........................................................................... 38 3.4. Water and Sanitation....................................................................................... 44 3.5. Health ........................................................................................................... 46 3.6. Nutrition ........................................................................................................ 49 3.7. Education....................................................................................................... 55 3.8. Social Protection............................................................................................. 56 4. CONCLUSIONS (Sector Based) ...........................................................................................60 4.1. Infrastructure................................................................................................. 60 4.2. Agriculture and Food Security........................................................................... 60 4.3. Nutrition ........................................................................................................ 61 i 4.4. Water and Sanitation....................................................................................... 61 4.5. Health ........................................................................................................... 62 4.6. Education....................................................................................................... 62 4.7. Social Protection............................................................................................. 63 4.8. Human Habitation and Shelter.......................................................................... 63 5. RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................64 5.1. Infrastructure................................................................................................. 64 5.2. Agriculture and Food Security........................................................................... 64 5.3. Water and Sanitation....................................................................................... 64 5.4. Health ........................................................................................................... 65 5.4. Nutrition ........................................................................................................ 66 5.5. Education....................................................................................................... 66 5.6. Social Protection............................................................................................. 67 5.7. Human Habitation and Shelter.......................................................................... 67 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................68 ANNEXES................................................................................................................................69 Annex 1: Household Questionnaire ..........................................................................................69 Annex 2: Community Questionnaire..........................................................................................98 Annex 3: District Questionnaire – 2009...................................................................................110 Annex 7: Table Showing Break-down of Relief Food per District per Ward Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 8: Water and Sanitation Needs .....................................................................................122 Annex 9: Seasonal Calendar ....................................................................................................124 Annex 10: Districts to be Assessed and Team Composition.....................................................125 ii List of Tables 1. Input Distribution through Fertiliser Support Programme (2002 – 2009) Error! Bookmark not defined. 4 2. National Cereal and Cassava Balance Situation – 2009/10 Marketing Season Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Provincial Trends in Malnutrition 2001/2 - 2007....................................................................27 4. Availability and Physical Access to Health Facilities.............................................................47 5. Number of Times the Households Consumed Specific Food Items ........................................50 6. Coverage of Some Public Health and Nutrition Services........................................................50 7. Prevalence of Child Malnutrition...........................................................................................51 8. Prevalence of Acute Malnutrition by Age Group based on Weight-for-height z scores...........52 9. Prevalence of Underweight by Age Group based on Weight-for-Age z scores .......................53 10. Prevalence of Chronic Malnutrition by Age Group based on Height-for-Age z scores..........54 11. Prevalence of Violence by Livelihoods Sources for Households ..........................................57 iii List of Figures Figure 1: Maize Production Comparison between 2007/8 and 2008/9 ...................................................... 16 Figure 2: Comparison of small grains and cash crop production levels between the 2007/08 and 2008/09 production season................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 3: Nominal Maize Prices in selected Districts............................................................................... 20 Figure 4: Nominal Maize Meal Price Trend............................................................................................. 20 Figure 5: Age of Household Head ........................................................................................................... 34 Figure 6: Household Livelihood Sources................................................................................................. 35 Figure 7: Household Sources of Income.................................................................................................. 36 Figure 8: Coping Strategies..................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 9: Arable Land Cultivated During the 2008/9 Season.................................................................... 38 Figure 10: Production of Staple Crops by Households ............................................................................. 39 Figure 11: Contribution of Own Food versus