Confessional Civilising in Ukraine The Bishop Iosyf Shumliansky and the Introduction of Reforms in the Diocese of Lviv 1668-1708 PIOTR WAWRZENIUK SÖDERTÖRN DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 3 Confessional Civilising in Ukraine The Bishop Iosyf Shumliansky and the Introduction of Reforms in the Diocese of Lviv 1668-1708 Piotr Wawrzeniuk Södertörns högskola 2005 Södertörns högskola S-141 89 Huddinge 2005 Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations: 3 ISSN 1652-7399 ISBN-13: 978-91-89315-56-3 ISBN-10: 91-89315-56-1 Cover illustration: Title page of Shumliansky's Metryka Пам’яті моїх дідів, підляських Русинів – Олі, Леонтія, Марії, Юліана – присвячую Contents List of tables................................................................................................. vii List of figures.................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements........................................................................................xi Notes ........................................................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction .........................................................................................17 1.1 A diocese under reform ..............................................................17 1.2 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth......................................18 1.3 The political nation: the nobility triumphant..............................19 1.4 The judiciary...............................................................................21 1.5 Religious toleration ....................................................................23 1.6 Confessionalisation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth...25 1.7 The Union of Brest and its consequences...................................27 1.8 The Union: a disputed issue .......................................................30 1.9 The aim of the thesis: the guiding questions ..............................34 2 The theoretical framework...................................................................35 2.1 The civilising process and refinement of manners: combatting group disgrace..........................................................................................35 2.2 The rationality of violence..........................................................37 2.3 Society and war ..........................................................................39 2.4 The methodological approach ....................................................40 3 The source material..............................................................................43 3.1 The protocol books of the Consistorial Court of Lviv................43 3.2 Metryka and the cathedral tax register 1681-1686 .....................46 3.3 Selecting the source material......................................................48 4 A change underway: the Diocese of Lviv and Bishop Iosyf Shumliansky..................................................................................................51 4.1 The reformer...............................................................................55 4.2 Shumliansky and the legacy of Petro Mohyla............................61 4.3 Reforming the Diocese of Lviv in a European context ..............63 v 5 Iosyf Shumliansky’s model for the parish clergy ................................67 5.1 The role of the well-behaved priest in the local community ......68 5.2 Pure bodies - pure souls..............................................................69 5.3 Appropriate knowledge ..............................................................75 5.4 Summary ....................................................................................78 6 The Consistorial Court at work: the extent of ecclesiastical justice ....79 6.1 Regional differences...................................................................84 6.2 Antemurale Christianitatis..........................................................94 6.3 The consequences of war............................................................97 6.4 Summary ....................................................................................99 7 Types of litigation and categories of plaintiff....................................101 7.1 Official misconduct ..................................................................102 7.2 Finance .....................................................................................106 7.3 Defamation ...............................................................................111 7.4 Violence....................................................................................112 7.5 Summary ..................................................................................115 8 Priests and peasants ...........................................................................117 8.1 The parishioners and the priests ...............................................118 8.2 The church key and the plough ................................................125 8.3 The parish priest: a sociable neighbour ....................................132 8.4 Priests or peasants: the village feast .........................................133 8.5 Expectations and disappointments ...........................................137 8.6 Summary ..................................................................................140 9 Conclusions .......................................................................................143 Bibliography ...............................................................................................147 Unpublished sources ..............................................................................147 Published sources ...................................................................................147 Literature ................................................................................................147 Index ...........................................................................................................153 vi List of tables Table 1. The Lviv main deanery and the subordinate deaneries where Consistorial Court sessions took place, the name of the location of the proceedings and the number of cases heard ........................................87 Table 2. The Halych main deanery and subordinate deaneries where Consistorial Court sessions took place, the name of the location of the proceedings and the number of cases heard ........................................87 Table 3. Court sessions in Lviv and the number of defendants per deanery.88 Table 4. The main deanery of Halych’s sessions in Krylos and the number of defendants per deanery ........................................................................89 Table 5. The average sum in złoty paid by a priest/deanery in cathedral tax in the main deanery of Lviv 1684-1686................................................90 Table 6. The average sum in złoty paid by a priest/deanery in the main deanery of Halych 1684-1686..............................................................91 Table 7. The types of offence among the parish clergy in the Consistorial Court of Lviv 1668-1708 ....................................................................101 Table 8. The number of official misconduct cases and convictions per category of plaintiff ............................................................................105 Table 9. The number of cases and convictions per type of plaintiff in the finance category .................................................................................110 Table 10. The number of cases and convictions per type of plaintiff in the defamation category...........................................................................111 Table 11. The number of cases and convictions per type of plaintiff in the violence category. ..............................................................................113 vii List of figures Figure 1. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the mid-seventeenth century..................................................................................................18 Figure 2. The Greek-Orthodox dioceses in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ....................................................................................55 Figure 3. Iosyf Shumliansky’s coat of arms.................................................58 Figure 4. “Be imitators of me” – the model priest.......................................73 Figure 5. “Be attentive that you may gain insight” – the Bishop and the assembled parish clergy .......................................................................74 Figure 6. The Lviv and Halych main deaneries and their respective subordinate deaneries ...........................................................................86 Figure 7. The most and least tax paying deaneries in the main deaneries of Lviv and Halych...................................................................................93 ix Acknowledgements Writing this book has left me indebted to several people. I would like to thank my supervisor, David Gaunt, for his support and commitment. I owe much to Vasyl Kmet from Ivan Franko National University of Lviv and Ihor Skochylias from the Institute of Church History at the Ukrainian Catholic University, whose practical help and advice was fundamental to my work. I would also like to thank the staff of the Institute of Historical Research at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, particularly Viktor Susak, Oksana Dmyterko, Iaroslav Hrytsak, Liliana Hentosh, Oleh Pavlyshyn and