Recent MAGIC Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei: Studies in the E>50 GeV Region Robert Wagner on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration Max-Planck-Institut für Physik & Excellence Cluster “Universe” R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Munich,Fermi andGermany Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477 The MAGIC Telescopes Carmona+ (MAGIC Coll), Proc ICRC 2011, arXiv:1110.0947 • Two-dish stereoscopic Cherenkov telescope, 17 m diameter each • Located at the European Northern Observatory, Instituto Astrofísica de Canarias on the Canary Island of La Palma, Spain • Currently upgrade of readout, of MAGIC-1 camera in 2012 • 150 physicists • 23 institutes Roque de los Muchachos observatory, 2200 m a.s.l. Click to edit Master tle style MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477 The MAGIC Telescopes Carmona+ (MAGIC Coll), Proc ICRC 2011, arXiv:1110.0947 • Two-dish stereoscopic Cherenkov telescope, 17 m diameter each • Located at the European Northern Observatory, Instituto Astrofísica de Canarias on the Canary Island of La Palma, Spain • Currently upgrade of readout, of MAGIC-1 camera in 2012 • 150 physicists • Substantially lower energy threshold than other installations: • 23 institutes • 50-60 GeV nominal Roque de los Muchachos observatory, • 25 GeV pulsar (“sum”) trigger 2200 m a.s.l. • ClickSensitivity to: 0.75% edit Crab Master in 50 h tle style • Angular resolution: <0.07° • Energy resolution: 15-20% • Enhanced duty cycle (by 20%) thanks to moonlight & twilight observations Britzger, RMW+09 MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Some Key Features Fast repositioning (below 1 minute) ➙ sensitivity to transients: GRB Low energy threshold (50-60 GeV, 25 GeV in sum-trigger mode) – Overlap with Fermi-LAT – Deep universe MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477 MAGIC I achieved Click to edit Master tle style MAGIC II achieved (dashed: MC expect.) R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Low Threshold: Overlap with Fermi-LAT (IC peak, cross-calibration) 10-9 ] -1 SMA s Abdo+11 -2 VLBA_core(BP143) VLBA(BP143) 10-10 VLBA(BK150) Metsahovi [erg cm i Noto F i VLBA_core(MOJAVE) 10-11 VLBA(MOJAVE) FERMI MAGIC OVRO RATAN Medicina Swift/UVOT MAGIC Click10-12 toEffelsberg edit MasterROVOR tle styleFermi NewMexicoSkies Swift/BAT MITSuME RXTE/PCA GRT Swift/XRT -13 10 GASP WIRO OAGH Most complete SED for Mkn 421 ever 10-14 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1026 1028 …and, by the way, access to pulsars cutoffs, e.g., Crab i [Hz] R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 The Extragalactic TeV Sky Click to edit Master tle style http://www.mpp.mpg.de/∼rwagner/sources/ approx. 50 VHE γ-ray sources, mostly blazars Relativistically beamed gamma-ray emission R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 5 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Beyond blazars… New generation IACTs have established new classes of VHE active galaxies different than BL Lacs… Radio galaxies M87, Cen A, starburst galaxies M82, NGC 253, Perseus cluster galaxies IC310, NGC 1275 Starbursts 2 discovered — none yet by MAGIC BL Lacs No central source, probably global still the vast majority: emission of all CR in galaxy approx. 45 discovered — 17 by MAGIC Extensive studies Click to edit Master tle style FSRQ 3 discovered — 2 by MAGIC Different physics: intense radiation fields. Radiogalaxies Very distant: useful to study EBL 4 discovered — 2 by MAGIC Study emission in jet: they are nearby (can be resolved in other wavelengths) and jets not aligned with line of sight. May be sources of UHECRs? R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 6 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Radiogalaxies: M87 Science 325 (2009) 444 Very close (17 Mpc) Flare at VHE Very well characterized in other frequencies. M87 was the first radiogalaxy discovered a VHE (HEGRA/HESS) and has been extensively studied VHE Gamma-Rays by HESS, VERITAS & MAGIC. X-Rays In 2008, using all 3 experiments and simultaneous radio VLBI: ClickVHE emission to edit came Master from very tle style Brightening of radio core Radio close to the central BH (a few Schwarzschild radii, Science 325 (2009) 444 Rs~100 A.U.). R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 7 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 VERITAS/MAGIC/HESS/ Very dense sampling: Walker+/Harris+ ApJ subm. 21 observations in Radiogalaxies: M87 Harris+ ApJ subm. 15 days. Rise in 1.7 days, Further cooperation of the 3 experiments decay in 0.6 days and multiwavelength add essential information… but may be complicating the picture! Results submitted to ApJ: In total, 3 flares at VHE: 2005, 2008 and 2010. Flare in 2010 showed exponential rise and decay. Not so clear for the others. 2nd flare was followed by a radio brightening of the core Science 325 (2009) 444. The others not. ClickIn 2008 and to 2010, edit VHE simultaneousMaster to increasetle instyle X-rays. Unclear in 2005. Do all flares come from the same emission site? How are they produced? R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 8 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 VERITAS/MAGIC/HESS/ Very dense sampling: Walker+/Harris+ ApJ subm. 21 observations in Radiogalaxies: M87 Harris+ ApJ subm. 15 days. Rise in 1.7 days, Further cooperation of the 3 experiments decay in 0.6 days and multiwavelength add essential information… but may be complicating the picture! Results submitted to ApJ: In total, 3 flares at VHE: 2005, 2008 and 2010. Flare in 2010 showed exponential rise and decay. Not so clear for the others. 2nd flare was followed by a radio brightening of the core Science 325 (2009) 444. The others not. ClickIn 2008 and to 2010, edit VHE simultaneousMaster to increasetle instyle X-rays. Unclear in 2005. Do all flares come from the same emission site? How are they produced? Recently, MAGIC studied only low state: MAGIC: low spectral index consistent with high state state 2005-7 emission, pointing to the same emission mechanism. MAGIC A&A subm. R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 8 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Hildebrand+ ICRC 2011 Radiogalaxies: IC 310, NGC 1275 MAGIC Coll. MAGIC has discovered 2 radiogalaxies: IC 310 and NGC 1275, both in the Perseus cluster Click to edit Master tle style R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Hildebrand+ ICRC 2011 Radiogalaxies: IC 310, NGC 1275 MAGIC Coll. MAGIC has discovered 2 radiogalaxies: IC 310 and NGC 1275, both in the Perseus cluster Detected during enhanced activity seen in Fermi-LAT. Very steep spectrum Γ=-4.0±0.4. Detection only possible thanks to stereo threshold and sensitivity Click to edit Master tle style Diff spectrum NGC 1275 Hildebrand+ (MAGIC) ICRC 2011 from August 2010 to Feb 2011 46 h of observations 3% Crab nebula (E>100 GeV) 5.2 standard deviations R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Hildebrand+ ICRC 2011 Radiogalaxies: IC 310, NGC 1275 MAGIC Coll. MAGIC has discovered 2 radiogalaxies: IC 310 and NGC 1275, both in the Perseus cluster Detected during enhanced activity seen in Fermi-LAT. Very steep spectrum Γ=-4.0±0.4. Detection only possible thanks to stereo threshold and sensitivity Click to edit Master tle style Diff spectrum NGC 1275 “Head-tail” radiogalaxy. Hildebrand+ (MAGIC) ICRC 2011 Very hard spectrum: from August 2010 to Feb 2011 Γ=2.00±0.14 SED 46 h of observations 3% Crab nebula (E>100 GeV) IC 310 5.2 standard deviations MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Radio Galaxy IC 310 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Belongs to Perseus cluster Fermi-LAT MAGIC 7.6 sigma significance from 20.6 hrs stereo 2.5% Crab nebula flux -2 Radio galaxy at z=0.019 E from 2GeV to 7TeV 22×/5× further away than Cen A, M87 must be intrinsically much more luminous (could also be weakly beamed blazar) Mechanism? ClickClose toto black edit hole Master tle style at shocks with cluster medium? Variability excludes CR/medium interaction very hard spectrum: probably IC scattering off IR photons, difficult in SSC R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 10 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. A&A 530 (2011) A4 Quasars: 3C 279 & PKS 1222+21 ApJL 730 (2011) L8 3C 279 (z=0.536) is the farthest VHE Primack et al. (2005) Stecker et al. (2006) Mkn 501 source, discovered by MAGIC in 2006. 10 Kneiske et al. (2002) modified • Spectrum for such a far source Universe Opaque to Gamma Rays H 1426+428 allowed to place strong constraints 1 1ES 0229+200 1ES 1ES1101-232 0347-121 on Extragalactic Background Light. Gamma-Ray Energy [TeV] 1ES 1011+496 3C 279 = 1 τ -1 10 MAGIC Energy Thresholdexcluded Universe Transparent to Gamma Rays -2 10 0 0 .1 0.2 0 .3 0.4 0 .5 0.6 0 .7 Redshift z Click to edit Master tle Sciencestyle 320 (2008) 1752 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 11 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. A&A 530 (2011) A4 Quasars: 3C 279 & PKS 1222+21 ApJL 730 (2011) L8 3C 279 (z=0.536) is the farthest VHE Primack et al.