Recent MAGIC Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei: Studies in the E>50 Gev Region

Recent MAGIC Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei: Studies in the E>50 GeV Region

Robert Wagner on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration Max-Planck-Institut für Physik & Excellence Cluster “Universe” R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Munich,Fermi andGermany Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477 The MAGIC Telescopes Carmona+ (MAGIC Coll), Proc ICRC 2011, arXiv:1110.0947 • Two-dish stereoscopic Cherenkov telescope, 17 m diameter each • Located at the European Northern Observatory, Instituto Astrofísica de Canarias on the Canary Island of La Palma, Spain • Currently upgrade of readout, of MAGIC-1 camera in 2012

• 150 physicists • 23 institutes

Roque de los Muchachos observatory, 2200 m a.s.l. Click to edit Master tle style

MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477 The MAGIC Telescopes Carmona+ (MAGIC Coll), Proc ICRC 2011, arXiv:1110.0947 • Two-dish stereoscopic Cherenkov telescope, 17 m diameter each • Located at the European Northern Observatory, Instituto Astrofísica de Canarias on the Canary Island of La Palma, Spain • Currently upgrade of readout, of MAGIC-1 camera in 2012

• 150 physicists • Substantially lower energy threshold than other installations: • 23 institutes • 50-60 GeV nominal Roque de los Muchachos observatory, • 25 GeV pulsar (“sum”) trigger 2200 m a.s.l. • ClickSensitivity to: 0.75% edit Crab Master in 50 h tle style • Angular resolution: <0.07° • Energy resolution: 15-20% • Enhanced duty cycle (by 20%) thanks to moonlight & twilight observations Britzger, RMW+09 MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Some Key Features Fast repositioning (below 1 minute) ➙ sensitivity to transients: GRB Low energy threshold (50-60 GeV, 25 GeV in sum-trigger mode) – Overlap with Fermi-LAT – Deep universe MAGIC Coll, Astropart. Phys. subm. arXiv:1108.1477

MAGIC I achieved Click to edit Master tle style

MAGIC II achieved (dashed: MC expect.)

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Low Threshold: Overlap with Fermi-LAT (IC peak, cross-calibration)

10-9 ]

-1 SMA

s Abdo+11

-2 VLBA_core(BP143) VLBA(BP143) 10-10 VLBA(BK150) Metsahovi [erg cm

i Noto F

i VLBA_core(MOJAVE) 10-11 VLBA(MOJAVE) FERMI MAGIC OVRO RATAN Medicina Swift/UVOT MAGIC Click10-12 toEffelsberg edit MasterROVOR tle styleFermi NewMexicoSkies Swift/BAT MITSuME RXTE/PCA GRT Swift/XRT -13 10 GASP

WIRO OAGH Most complete SED for Mkn 421 ever

10-14 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1026 1028 …and, by the way, access to pulsars cutoffs, e.g., Crab i [Hz]

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 The Extragalactic TeV Sky

Click to edit Master tle style

http://www.mpp.mpg.de/∼rwagner/sources/

approx. 50 VHE γ-ray sources, mostly blazars Relativistically beamed gamma-ray emission

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 5 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Beyond blazars…

New generation IACTs have established new classes of VHE active galaxies different than BL Lacs… Radio galaxies M87, Cen A, starburst galaxies M82, NGC 253, Perseus cluster galaxies IC310, NGC 1275 Starbursts 2 discovered — none yet by MAGIC BL Lacs No central source, probably global still the vast majority: emission of all CR in galaxy approx. 45 discovered — 17 by MAGIC Extensive studies Click to edit Master tle style FSRQ 3 discovered — 2 by MAGIC Different physics: intense radiation ﬁelds. Radiogalaxies Very distant: useful to study EBL 4 discovered — 2 by MAGIC Study emission in jet: they are nearby (can be resolved in other wavelengths) and jets not aligned with line of sight. May be sources of UHECRs?

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 6 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Radiogalaxies: M87 Science 325 (2009) 444 Very close (17 Mpc) Flare at VHE Very well characterized in other frequencies. M87 was the first radiogalaxy discovered a VHE (HEGRA/HESS) and has been extensively studied VHE Gamma-Rays by HESS, VERITAS & MAGIC. X-Rays In 2008, using all 3 experiments and simultaneous radio VLBI: ClickVHE emission to edit came Master from very tle style Brightening of radio core Radio close to the central BH (a few Schwarzschild radii, Science 325 (2009) 444 Rs~100 A.U.).

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 7 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 VERITAS/MAGIC/HESS/ Very dense sampling: Walker+/Harris+ ApJ subm. 21 observations in Radiogalaxies: M87 Harris+ ApJ subm. 15 days. Rise in 1.7 days, Further cooperation of the 3 experiments decay in 0.6 days and multiwavelength add essential information… but may be complicating the picture! Results submitted to ApJ:

 In total, 3 flares at VHE: 2005, 2008 and 2010.

 Flare in 2010 showed exponential rise and decay. Not so clear for the others.

 2nd flare was followed by a radio brightening of the core Science 325 (2009) 444. The others not.

 ClickIn 2008 and to 2010, edit VHE simultaneousMaster to increasetle instyle X-rays. Unclear in 2005.

 Do all flares come from the same emission site? How are they produced?

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 8 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 VERITAS/MAGIC/HESS/ Very dense sampling: Walker+/Harris+ ApJ subm. 21 observations in Radiogalaxies: M87 Harris+ ApJ subm. 15 days. Rise in 1.7 days, Further cooperation of the 3 experiments decay in 0.6 days and multiwavelength add essential information… but may be complicating the picture! Results submitted to ApJ:

 In total, 3 flares at VHE: 2005, 2008 and 2010.

 Flare in 2010 showed exponential rise and decay. Not so clear for the others.

 2nd flare was followed by a radio brightening of the core Science 325 (2009) 444. The others not.

 ClickIn 2008 and to 2010, edit VHE simultaneousMaster to increasetle instyle X-rays. Unclear in 2005.

 Do all flares come from the same emission site? How are they produced?

Recently, MAGIC studied only low state: MAGIC: low spectral index consistent with high state state 2005-7 emission, pointing to the same emission mechanism. MAGIC A&A subm.

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 8 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Hildebrand+ ICRC 2011 Radiogalaxies: IC 310, NGC 1275 MAGIC Coll. MAGIC has discovered 2 radiogalaxies: IC 310 and NGC 1275, both in the Perseus cluster

Click to edit Master tle style

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 Hildebrand+ ICRC 2011 Radiogalaxies: IC 310, NGC 1275 MAGIC Coll. MAGIC has discovered 2 radiogalaxies: IC 310 and NGC 1275, both in the Perseus cluster Detected during enhanced activity seen in Fermi-LAT. Very steep spectrum Γ=-4.0±0.4. Detection only possible thanks to stereo threshold and sensitivity

Click to edit Master tle style Diff spectrum NGC 1275 Hildebrand+ (MAGIC) ICRC 2011 from August 2010 to Feb 2011 46 h of observations 3% Crab nebula (E>100 GeV) 5.2 standard deviations

Click to edit Master tle style Diff spectrum NGC 1275 “Head-tail” radiogalaxy. Hildebrand+ (MAGIC) ICRC 2011 Very hard spectrum: from August 2010 to Feb 2011 Γ=2.00±0.14 SED 46 h of observations 3% Crab nebula (E>100 GeV) IC 310 5.2 standard deviations

MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Radio Galaxy IC 310 MAGIC Coll., ApJL 723 (2010) L207

Belongs to Perseus cluster Fermi-LAT MAGIC 7.6 sigma significance from 20.6 hrs stereo 2.5% Crab nebula flux -2 Radio galaxy at z=0.019 E from 2GeV to 7TeV 22×/5× further away than Cen A, M87 must be intrinsically much more luminous (could also be weakly beamed blazar) Mechanism? ClickClose toto black edit hole Master tle style at shocks with cluster medium? Variability excludes CR/medium interaction very hard spectrum: probably IC scattering off IR photons, difficult in SSC

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 10 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. A&A 530 (2011) A4 Quasars: 3C 279 & PKS 1222+21 ApJL 730 (2011) L8  3C 279 (z=0.536) is the farthest VHE Primack et al. (2005) Stecker et al. (2006) Mkn 501 source, discovered by MAGIC in 2006. 10 Kneiske et al. (2002) modified • Spectrum for such a far source Universe Opaque to Gamma Rays H 1426+428 allowed to place strong constraints 1 1ES 0229+200 1ES 1ES1101-232 0347-121 on Extragalactic Background Light. Gamma-Ray Energy [TeV] 1ES 1011+496 3C 279 = 1 τ -1 10 MAGIC Energy Thresholdexcluded

Universe Transparent to Gamma Rays -2 10 0 0 .1 0.2 0 .3 0.4 0 .5 0.6 0 .7 Redshift z Click to edit Master tle Sciencestyle 320 (2008) 1752

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 11 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. A&A 530 (2011) A4 Quasars: 3C 279 & PKS 1222+21 ApJL 730 (2011) L8  3C 279 (z=0.536) is the farthest VHE Primack et al. (2005) Stecker et al. (2006) Mkn 501 source, discovered by MAGIC in 2006. 10 Kneiske et al. (2002) modified • Spectrum for such a far source Universe Opaque to Gamma Rays H 1426+428 allowed to place strong constraints 1 1ES 0229+200 1ES 1ES1101-232 0347-121 on Extragalactic Background Light. Gamma-Ray Energy [TeV] 1ES 1011+496 NEW 3C 279 = 1 τ  -1 PKS 1222+21 (z=0.432) discovered 10 MAGIC Energy Thresholdexcluded by MAGIC in 2010. Spectrum confirms past claims on EBL! Universe Transparent to Gamma Rays -2 10 0 0 .1 0.2 0 .3 0.4 0 .5 0.6 0 .7 PKS 1222+21 Redshift z Science 320 (2008) 1752 MAGIC Click to edit Master tle style2010 June 17, flare state  PKS 1222+21 (4C +21.35) is a high redshift FSRQ (only 3C279, PKS1510-089 so far)  Observations triggered by a high state reported by Fermi-LAT

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 11 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. Quasars: 3C 279 & PKS 1222+21 A&A 530 (2011) A4 ApJL 730 (2011) L8

 PKS 1222+21 and recent observations of 3C279 show the same problem A&A 530 (2011) A4  Emission up to hundreds of GeV  Fast variability (9 min doubling time in PKS 1222+21)  Why is this a problem?

PKS 1222+21 Click to edit MasterMAGIC tle style 3C 279

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 12 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 FSRQs: the “canonical” scenario

Dermer+09 Ghisellini+Tavecchio09 e- Sikora+09 e- γ γ

e- γ B

e- e- γ γ e- B γ

BLR

Accretion disk

X-ray corona

DUSTY TORUS Blazars R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 FSRQs: the “canonical” scenario

Dermer+09 Ghisellini+Tavecchio09 e- Sikora+09 e- γ γ

e- γ B If γ-rays produced inside BLR by IC scattering of BLR photons: e- strong absorption and e- γ Klein-Nishina suppression γ (cutoff <100 GeV) e- B γ

BLR

Accretion disk

X-ray corona

DUSTY TORUS Blazars R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 FSRQs: the “canonical” scenario

Dermer+09 Ghisellini+Tavecchio09 e- If γ-rays produced outside Sikora+09 e- γ BLR by IC scattering of dusty γ torus photons: less absorption but hard to explain fast e- γ variability! B If γ-rays produced inside BLR by IC scattering of BLR photons: e- strong absorption and e- γ Klein-Nishina suppression γ (cutoff <100 GeV) e- B γ

BLR

Accretion disk

X-ray corona

DUSTY TORUS Blazars R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ! (Hz) ApJL 730 (2011) L8 4C +21.35 aka PKS 1222+21 23 24 25 26 -5.5 10 10 10 10

extrapol. spectrum -6 EBL model: Dominguez+10 -9 -6.5 ) -1 s -7 -1 dN/dE) (GeV/cm2/s)

2 VHE not from -10 -7.5 inside BLR Very fast! ) (erg cm Log(E ! F ≈10 min Must come from -8 ! -11 PKS1222+21 z= 0.432 small region Log( -8.5 Fermi flux E>100MeV: 6.1e-06 ph/cm2/s photon index: 1.85 E : 3.6 GeV -9 break ph.idx2: 2.64 -12 -9.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 logE(GeV)  A strong signal of 8.7 σ Clicksignificance to edit in just Master 0.5h of tle style observations! ➙ allows short-term variability studies

 Flux ≥30% of the Crab Nebula flux  Also detected by Fermi-LAT in 100-300 GeV energy range

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 14 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ! (Hz) ApJL 730 (2011) L8 4C +21.35 aka PKS 1222+21 23 24 25 26 -5.5 10 10 10 10

extrapol. spectrum -6 EBL model: Dominguez+10 -9 -6.5 ) -1 s -7 -1 dN/dE) (GeV/cm2/s)

 Flux ≥30% of the Crab Nebula flux  Also detected by Fermi-LAT in 100-300 GeV energy range

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 14 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ! (Hz) ApJL 730 (2011) L8 4C +21.35 aka PKS 1222+21 23 24 25 26 -5.5 10 10 10 10

extrapol. spectrum -6 EBL model: Dominguez+10 -9 -6.5 ) -1 s -7 -1 dN/dE) (GeV/cm2/s)

 Flux ≥30% of the Crab Nebula flux  Also detected by Fermi-LAT in 100-300 GeV energy range

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 14 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Coll., ! (Hz) ApJL 730 (2011) L8 4C +21.35 aka PKS 1222+21 23 24 25 26 -5.5 10 10 10 10

extrapol. spectrum -6 EBL model: Dominguez+10 -9 -6.5 ) -1 s -7 -1 dN/dE) (GeV/cm2/s)

2 VHE not from -10 not compatible-7.5 inside BLR Very fast! ) (erg cm Log(E ! F ≈10 min Must come from -8 ! -11 PKS1222+21 z= 0.432 small region Log( -8.5 Fermi flux E>100MeV: 6.1e-06 ph/cm2/s photon index: 1.85 E : 3.6 GeV -9 break ph.idx2: 2.64 -12 -9.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 logE(GeV)  A strong signal of 8.7 σ Clicksignificance to edit in just Master 0.5h of tle stylePossible solutions: observations! • Strong recollimation of the jet e.g. Nalewajko&Sikora 2009 ➙ allows short-term variability studies Bromberg & Levinson 2009  Flux ≥30% of the Crab Nebula flux • “Blobs” or “minijets” inside of the jet. Already proposed for PKS  Also detected by Fermi-LAT in 2155-304 e.g. Ghisellini et al. 2008, 2009, 100-300 GeV energy range Giannios et al 2009, Nalewajko et al. 2010, Marscher &Jorstad 2010

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 14 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. 3C 279: Re-detected in 2007 A&A 530 (2011) A4 5

4 MAGIC (>150 GeV)

/s] 2007 January 16 2 3 Detected again on 5.6-σ level while high in opt ph/cm and X-rays -11 2

1 Flux [10

54110 54112 54114 54116 54118 54120 54122 54124

1.560 ϑ2 discovery plot Click50 to edit Master tle style 1.4 ]

2 40 RXTE 1.330 Counts 1.220 erg/s/cm 10 -11 1.1 3C279 00 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 1 2 [deg2] Flux [10 0.9

R. M. 0.8 Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 15 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 54110 54112 54114 54116 54118 54120 54122 54124

20 19 18 R-band 17 16

Flux [mJy] 15 14 13 12 54110 54112 54114 54116 54118 54120 54122 54124 Time[MJD] MAGIC Collab. 3C 279: Re-detected in 2007 A&A 530 (2011) A4

KVA 2006 Fermi-LAT 2007 2009 SEDs of simultaneous optical, X-ray and γ–ray data at the epochs of RXTE MAGIC observations.

Blue: February 23, 2006, red: January 16, 2007, Click to edit Master tle style green January 21- February 1 2009. Swift-XRT

Simultaneous data

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 16 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. 3C 279: SEDs 2006 / 2007 A&A 530 (2011) A4

+Archival data MAGIC deabs MAGIC observed

EC in BLR EC outside BLR in BLR outside BLR

Click to edit Master tle style

EBL deabs. Dominguez+10 One-zone models EC/BLR and EC/IR Two-zone: VHE outside BLR, require, however, rather large MeV-GeV ﬂux minimizes gamma absorption

2-zone model would also work

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 17 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab., ApJ 648 (2006) L105 ApJ 667 (2007) L21 Do Optical Triggers Work? ApJ 704 (2009) L129

ToO trigger Mkn 180 March 2006

Optical light curves: KVA telescope, La Palma

1ES 1011+496 ToO trigger

18.7 h Flux [mJy] Click to edit MasterMAGIC tle MAGICstyle S=6.2 σ 2006 2007 March-May 2007

S=6.8 σ S5 0716+714 April 2008

April 2008 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 18 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab., ATel 2910 A Continuing Success Story... RFO released October 7, 2010  Included in stacked HBL sample, no detection with MAGIC –I (Aleksić+ 2010)  Another successful optical trigger, detection consistent with previous MAGIC upper limit -> variability unclear  Integral ﬂux (E > 200 GeV): ≈ 2.3% C.U.  ClickSoft power to edit law spectrum:Master tle style −3.2 ± 0.5stat ± 0.5sys  SED: narrow peaks, similar to PG 1553+113  SSC model ﬁt with parameters typical for HBLs

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 19 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 De Lotto et al. (Proc. TAUP 2011) MAGIC Collab. New Discoveries: 1ES 0647+250 released 9 Sept 2011  HBL  z=0.45 (Meisner+Romani10) z=0.41 (Kotilainen+11)  Tentative detection at 4.9 sigma  One of the best extragalactic TeV ϑ2 discovery plot candidates after 2 years of Fermi-LAT data  30 hrs observations during 6 months Clickw/ Swift, to RXTE,Fermi-LAT edit Master tle style  prelim. ﬂux estimation: (3.0±0.7)%CU above 100 GeV  Analysis in progress

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 20 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Berger et al. (Proc. ICRC 2011) MAGIC Collab. New Discoveries: 1ES 1741+196 released 13 July 2011  HBL, z=0.083  Host galaxy one of the most luminous and largest of all BL Lacs  Triplet of interacting galaxies with tidel streams? Heidt+99  Promising candidate from Costamante & Ghisellini list  60h of data, clear 5σ signal  Hard spectrum ϑ2 discovery plot  Weakest AGN detected by MAGIC so far, start to explore mCrab regime ClickAnalysis to ongoing edit Master tle style

MAGIC PRELIMINARY

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 21 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 MAGIC Collab. And one more: 1ES 0033+595 released Oct 27, 2011

Previous upper ﬂux limit: 8.55% CU (Ethr=165 GeV) Season 2009: 19.7h, 357 excess events August-October 2009 1.5% CU (Ethr=150 GeV) ϑ2 discovery plot MAGIC PRELIMINARY - Host unresolved: no photometric redshift - Morphology unclear: HST observes two point sources Skymap (comparable brightness) - BUT VLBA (1997) only MAGIC PRELIMINARY oneClick radio counterpart to edit Master tle style

Rector+ HST VLBA Mariotti et al., ATel. 3719 R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons 22 Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12 Summary MAGIC-II fully commissioned and highly successful. Currently being upgraded with new readout electronics and camera (MAGIC-I) truly largest Cherenkov telescope, lowest energy threshold Stereoscopic system fully competitive with other installations + only instrument to access the energy region between 50 GeV and 100 GeV overlap with Fermi-LAT Recent results on extragalactic sources: AGNs, galaxy clusters Revealing the location of the TeV engine in Blazars: M87 3C279, distant quasar, 2006 !are + 2nd detection 2007 ClickPKS 1222+21 to edit discovered, Master distant tle source, style EBL, fast variability Perseus cluster of galaxies: IC 310 (shedding light on nature?/LAT-triggered), NGC 1275 discovered Some recent new MAGIC additions to the TeV blazar catalog: 1ES 1741+196 B3 2247+381, 1ES 1215+303 1ES 0033+595 (all “Costamante-Ghisellini” sources) 1ES 0806+524... Fermi-LAT inspired discovery of 1ES 0647+250

R. M. Wagner: MAGIC AGN Observaons Fermi and Jansky | St. Michaels, MD | 2011-11-12