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ISSN 1419-0222 (print) ISSN 2064-5929 (online, pdf) Contents STUDIES VALUCH,TIBOR The Transformation of Activity Structure and Consumption in the Hungarian Villages after Collectivization DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.1 .............................................................................................................. 5 FEKETE DEÁK, ILDIKÓ ”Hidden Resistance”. The Collectivization Process in Szeklerland. DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.2 ............................................................................................................ 17 MARÁCZ, LÁSZLÓ Is the EU Accession a Critical Juncture for Romania’s Language Policy? DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.3 ............................................................................................................ 28 SÁNTA, TAMÁS Statistical Research on NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) in a Hungarian City DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.4 ............................................................................................................ 43 HORVÁTH, ÁDÁM The Power of Public Works Programme in Peripheral Areas on the Example of a Dead-end Village DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.5 ............................................................................................................ 71 FEKETE, MARIANN eTIME or the Networking of Leisure Time. Generational Culture Consumption in the Digital Age. DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.6 ............................................................................................................ 89 BOCSI, VERONIKA The Religious Patterns of Young Roma People in Hungary DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.7 .......................................................................................................... 105 4 Studies 2017. 4. HAMVAS, LÁSZLÓ Future Laboratory DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.8 .......................................................................................................... 122 MÁTHÉ-TÓTH, ANDRÁS – NAGY, GÁBOR DÁNIEL Descriptive Life Stories of Hungarian Scientologists DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.9 .......................................................................................................... 134 TURAI, GABRIELLA Medieval Female Mysticism and Weber’s Charismatic Authority DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.10 ........................................................................................................ 152 NAGY, IMRE Divergence Instead of Convergence or Whoever Stays Out is Left Behind DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.11 ........................................................................................................ 158 TAMÁSKA, MÁTÉ Esztergom. A City Centre Between Historic Sites. DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.12 ........................................................................................................ 179 WORKSHOP BRENNER, JÁNOS The Face of German Democracy. Parliament and Government Buildings in Berlin. DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.13 ........................................................................................................ 194 REVIEW TÓTH, JÁNOS The Historical Sociology of Climate Change DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.14 ........................................................................................................ 200 Címlapon a fotó: Fortepan / Fortepan (Nem jelzett eredet) VALUCH, TIBOR PROFESSOR DSC [email protected] university professor, researcher (Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre for Social Sciences – Eszterházy Károly University) The Transformation of Activity Structure and Consumption in the Hungarian Villages after Collectivization1 ABSTRACT After the Communist takeover the lifestyle, patterns of consumption, social relations and norms of behavior became homogenized in a “negative way” as a result of the process of proletarianization and downward leveling. From the late sixties, under changing circumstances, in accordance with the norms of a quasi-consumption society, the difference in lifestyle were reproduced at a higher average level. The history of the rural way of life in Hungary after 1944 can be divided into two periods. The first lasted until the second half of the 1960s and was dominated by the survival of traditions, modernization at a moderate pace, and a decisive degree of self-sufficiency. The second, which began towards the end of the 1960s, was marked by departure from traditions, a declining role for self-sufficiency, and an increasing orientation towards consumption. This study looks at the historical features of the first period of change, primarily in the household and activity structures, through an examination of housing, furnishings, dress and nutrition. KEYWORDS rural way of life, consumption, peasant households after collectivization, Hungarian social history DOI 10.14232/belv.2017.4.1 https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2017.4.1 Cikkre való hivatkozás / How to cite this article: Valuch, Tibor (2017): The Transformation of Activity Structure and Consumption in the Hungarian Villages after Collectivization. Belvedere Meridionale vol. 29. no. 4. 5–16. pp. ISSN 1419-0222 (print) ISSN 2064-5929 (online, pdf) (Creative Commons) Nevezd meg! – Így add tovább! 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Creative Commons) Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) www.belvedere-meridionale.hu 1 The first author’s research was supported by the grant EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00001 “Complex improvement of research capacities and services at Eszterhazy Karoly University”. 6 Studies 2017. 4. I. INTRODUCTION The history of the rural way of life in Hungary after 1944 can be divided into two periods. The first lasted until the second half of the 1960s and was dominated by the survival of traditions, modernization at a moderate pace, and a decisive degree of self-sufficiency. The second, which began towards the end of the 1960s, was marked by departure from traditions, a declining role for self-sufficiency, and an increasing orientation towards consumption. This study looks at the historical features of the first period of change, primarily in the household and activity structures, through an examination of housing, furnishings, dress and nutrition. The characteristics of the traditional peasant way of life were already changing before collectivization, but the completion of the collectivization process accelerated the pace of change. II. CHANGES IN THE RURAL WAY OF LIFE AND ACTIVITY STRUCTURE The structure of everyday activities in the villages changed cyclically for most people living in the villages, especially those employed in agriculture. During periods of less importance for agricultural production, family members who were not members of the agricultural cooperative spent a daily average of 2.8 hours on paid activity in the first half of the 1960s. With the housewives of agricultural-cooperative families, it was two hours. This relative freedom practically ceased in the spring and summer work rushes. Average daily working hours for cooperative members was more than eight hours–ten hours of communally executed work for men and five hours for women. The same increase in the work burden was observed among non-earning family members, who spent an average of three–four hours a day on agricultural work. (An average of three hours of this was taken with tasks associated with the family’s private ‘household plot’.) Villagers working outside agriculture supplemented an average of 8.6 hours paid activity with 0.8 hours spent working on the family plot, irrespective of whether they were commuters or locally employed. ‘Of course, the character of work and the conditions under