Central America: A Dangerous Assignment Foreign Service Journal 1.25 FEBRUARY 1983 DIPLOMACY ON ICE Our Neglected Antarctic Policy AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, INC. WE’RE MAKING IT EASIER FOR YOU TO BECOME A MEMBER Eligibility for membership in the Association has been liberalized to include: • Foreign Service personnel of the Department of State, USIA, USAID, Foreign Commercial Service (Department of Commerce), and the Foreign Agricultural Service (Department of Agriculture). • Personnel drawing an annuity based on employment in the above categories. • Non-career personnel serving in Presidential Appointments as Ambassadors. • Dependents of the above who are 19 years of age or older. • Peace Corps administrative staff. • Peace Corps volunteers. Making full-fledged membership available to dependents will permit spouses and children 19 years of age and older the opportunity to enroll in our new life insurance program in their own names. The new program will offer basic coverage of up to $100,000 in increments of $20,000 with liberal supplemental and accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) coverage. It will also permit dependents who are legally qualified for Federal Employees Health Benefits to avail themselves of our excellent Foreign Service Benefit Plan in their own names. We’d like to introduce you to our new program. To find out what we have to offer, simply complete the coupon below and send it to us. MAIL THIS COUPON TO: American Foreign Service Protective Association 1750 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Suite 1305 Washington, D.C. 20006 I would like to know what you have to offer: NAME ADDRESS CITY, STATE ZIP Fwim»yY»«<few»al COVER: The future of Antarctica — its resources and territory — is a much-neglected area of U.S. foreign policy. In this issue we survey the international community's recent treatment of Antarctica and some continuing problems and disputes. Pen and ink by Henry Martin. ***r4-r DIPLOMACY ON ICE Our Noglettcd Antarctic Polity Officers and Members of the A Dangerous Region 18 Governing Board DENNIS K. HAYS, President Associated Press State Department reporter George Gedda ANTHEA S. DE ROUVILLE, Vice President traces the recent fortunes of those Foreign Service officers who DOUGLAS P. BROOME, Second Vice served in visible Latin American policymaking positions dur¬ President IRVING A. WILLIAMSON JR., Secretary ing the Carter administration. BROOKE HOLMES, Treasurer RALPH E. BARNETT, Suggestion Box: Helping the Alcoholic 22 JUANITA L. NOFFLET, AID Representatives Our anonymous author, an alcoholic and retired FSO, ob¬ JAROSLAV J. VERNER, USIA Representative serves that some of the causes of alcoholism are endemic to ADRIAN A. BASORA, BARBARA HUGHES, Foreign Service life overseas and suggests ways of encouraging THOMAS J. MILLER, State Representatives the alcoholic to seek help. L. DOUGLAS HECK, SPENCER KING, CHARLES S. WHITEHOUSE, A Pole Apart 24 Retired Representatives Antarctica has been sorely neglected by U.S. policy, states Staff CECIL B. SANNER, Acting Exec. author Philip W. Quigg. Yet, because of its potential re¬ Director!Administrative Director sources and scientific importance, the coldest continent de¬ SUSAN HOLIK, General Counsel SABINE SISK, Members’ InterestI mands more State Department attention. Grievance Representative PAT GUILD, Executive Secretary Journal: Letter from Fort McNair 30 Congressional Liaison ROBERT M. BEERS Normally separated by the Potomac, diplomats and military Scholarship Programs officers meet at the National War College for a year of study DAWN CUTHELL and discovery. By Edward Marks. Letters 2 Foreign Service People 36 Foreign Service Journal Book Reviews 6 Association News 38 Editorial Board Plus C^a Change 16 JOHN D. STEMPEL, Chairman DAVID WILSON, Vice Chairman FRANCIS X. CUNNINGHAM GEORGE GEDDA The Foreign Service Journal is the magazine of profes¬ persons having an active interest in, or close associ¬ JAMES ROUSH sionals in foreign affairs, published 1 1 times a year ation with, foreign affairs. Membership dues are: by the American Foreign Service Association, a Active Members—Dues range from $52 to $117 TAIRA ST. JOHN non-profit organization. Material appearing herein annually. Retired Active Members—Dues are $40 CAROL VAN VOORST represents the opinions of the writers and does not annually for members with incomes over $20,000; JAROSLAV VERNF.R necessarily represent the official views of the De¬ $25 annually for less than $20,000. Associate partment of State, the U.S. Information Agency, Members—Dues are $25 annually. All dues pay¬ Staff the Agency for International Development, the ments include $7.50 allocation for the Journal and STEPHEN R. DUJACK, Editor United States Government as a whole, or AFSA. Association News, per AFSA Bylaws. FRANCES G. BURWELL, Associate While the Editorial Board is responsible for general Subscription to the Journal: one year (11 issues), content, statements concerning the policy and ad¬ $10.00; two years, S 18.00. For subscriptions go¬ Editor ministration of AFSA as employee representative ing abroad, except Canada, add $1.00 annually. SHELLY RONDEAU, Ed. Asst. under the Foreign Service Act of 1980 on the edito¬ Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Advertising Representatives rial page and in the Association News, and all and at additional post office. POSTMASTER: Send communications relating to these, are the responsi¬ address changes to Foreign Service Journal. 2101 E JAMES C. SASMOR ASSOCIATES, bility of the AFSA Governing Board. St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037. 521 Fifth Ave., Suite 1700, Microfilm copies of current as well as of back New York, N.Y. 10017. issues of the Foreign Service Journal are available ©American Foreign Service Association, 1983. (212) 683-3421 through the University Microfilm Library Services, 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, under a contract 20037. Telephone (202) 338-4045. Offices in JOSHUA B. POWERS, LTD., signed October 30, 1967. State Dept.: 632-8160/2548 46 Keyes House, Dolphin Sq., Membership in the American Foreign Service London SW1. 01-834-8023/9. Association is open to the professionals in foreign February 1983. Volume 60, No. 2. ISSN International Representatives. affairs overseas or in Washington, as well as to 0015-7279. There’s a New State LETTERS in Washington Common Error And, we’re located right where Should you require a meeting/ you want to be . the State conference/entertainment I was naturally gratified that the Journal Department, George Washington room, we have several to meet believed my letter of October 6 on the University, the Kennedy Center your heeds, seating 10 to 75 dangers of the nuclear weapons race be¬ and most government agencies. associates. Catering is also avail¬ Our guests stay in spacious suites, able. For your dining pleasure tween our country and the Soviet Union with fully equipped kitchens, we recommend our Sherry merited publication. At the same time, i for less than the price of most Cafe, featuring a wide range was not happy over the heading of “A Call rooms in Washington. Our of appetite-pleasing to Disarm” which was placed over it. This rates for weekends, and entrees. Come by and is not a nitpick but an issue of some impor¬ longer stays, are visit our new state equally attractive. in Washington. tance. My letter decidedly did not advo¬ cate general disarmament per se, which is another question than progressively get¬ ting rid of nuclear weapons. Indeed, l share the views of experts far more authori¬ tative than 1 (George Kennan and Robert FORMERLY SHERRY TOWERS HOTEL McNamara, for example) that reducing (202) 861-8200 2117 E St. NW, Washington DC 20037 (800) 424-2859 the concentration of nuclear weapons in the dangerous European “trigger” area must be matched by a concerted rectifica¬ tion of the imbalance in conventional ar¬ maments between NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries. But this is going to take a lot more political and economic will than the alliance has succeeded in mustering to date. While some people regard the use of so-called tactical nuclear weapons as an □YM, FRANK & COMPANY easier way out of this disparity, there is hardly a reliable expert who thinks a nucle¬ ar exchange of any size in Europe could Investment Manager remain limited and would not run a very for the great risk of escalating into a larger nuclear American Foreign Service Association war. I’m sorry that the Journal, a valuable ★ Personal Portfolio Management forum for informed Foreign Service opin¬ ion, fell into the common error of labeling opposition to nuclear weapons as support ★ Institutional Funds Management for the naive, and I fear unrealizable, aim of general disarmament. ★ Investment Decision-Making Models and Strategies for ROSWELL D. MCCLELLAND Ambassador to Niger 1970—73 Financial Institutions Washington, D.C. For information, write or call: ‘A Great Member’ □ym, Frank & Company As we pass through our lives and our ca¬ 171B 22nd Street, N.W. reers in the Foreign Service, there are prob¬ Washington, D.C. 20008 ably half a dozen men who influence us greatly. For me, one of those was Ambas¬ [202] 667-5003 sador James W. Riddleberger. I admired and respected him very much. Brilliant, but with a human touch, are the words that come to my mind as I think of him. When he was made political advis- 2 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL On the issue of creature comforts versus efficiency we diplomatically offer both. Buick Century is a prime example of the purchase plan available to you as a many distinctive 1983 models offered by member of the Diplomatic Corps. the New Americans from General Motors. You can choose a car with export On the one hand, it offers all the specifications, or one to drive when creature comforts befitting your position. you're back home. And we invite you to On the other hand, Century is also contact us directly.