Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Precursor uuuu UÖ»O /OÖJ PROTA is an international programme involving the following institutions: - Wageningen University (WU), Department of Plant Sciences (DPW), Haarweg 333, P.O.Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands - Agropolis International (AGROPOLIS), Avenue Agropolis, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France - Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (RBGKEW), Centre for Economic Botany, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom - Centre National de Semences Forestières (CNSF), 01 B.P. 2682, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), B.P. 842, Libreville, Gabon - Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, University P.O.Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana - Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), B.P. 4096, Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar - National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi (NHBGM), P.O.Box 528, Zomba, Malawi - Makerere University (MU), Department of Botany, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda - Prosea Foundation (PROSEA), P.O. Box 332, Bogor 16122, Indonesia This publication has been made possible through the financial support by: - the European Commission - the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries - the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) - Wageningen University, the Netherlands Zl^'vl:ZOÔ2 - OZ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Precursor Editors: L.P.A. Oyen R.H.M.J. Lemmens Associate editors: S.D. Davis M. Chauvet J.S. Siemonsma PROTA Programme, 2002 Wageningen, the Netherlands / sM Dl/•- 1 Correct citation of this publication: Oyen, L.P.A. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors), 2002. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Precursor. PROTA Programme, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 187 pp. Correct citation of articles from this publication: [Author name, initials, 2002. Title of article]. In: Oyen, L.P.A. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Precursor. PROTA Programme, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. ........ ISBN 90-77114-02-5 PROTA Programme, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2002. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electric or electromagnetic record without written permission from the copyright holder: PROTA Programme, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands. Printed in the Netherlands by Veenman drukkers, Ede Published and distributed by the PROTA Programme Contents Species arranged according to commodity groups 7 Contributors 9 PROTA Multilateral Steering Committee and Personnel 12 1 The PROTA Programme 15 1.1 Objective 15 1.2 Target groups 16 1.3 Output 16 1.3.1 Internet publication 16 1.3.2 Handbook 16 1.4 Programme phasing 16 1.5 PROTA in short 17 2 The PROTA Information Base 19 2.1 Commodity grouping 19 2.2 Species 20 2.3 Method of treatment 20 2.4 Writing and editing process 23 2.5 Precursor 24 3 Alphabetical treatment of species 25 Abelmoschus caillei West African okra 27 Acacia mearnsii black wattle 30 Acacia Senegal gum arabic tree 35 Aframomum corrorima korarima 41 Alysicarpus ovalifolius 44 Ampelopteris proliféra 45 Aucoumea klaineana okoumé 46 Catha edulis khat 50 Coffea eugenioides Nandi coffee 54 Connarus africanus 56 Crambe hispanica crambe 57 Dacryodes edulis butter fruit tree 60 Dactyladenia barteri monkey fruit 64 Diheteropogon amplectens broadleaf bluegrass 66 Dioscorea cayenensis Guinea yam 68 Dodonaea viscosa hopbush 72 Ensete ventricosum enset 75 Eucalyptus camaldulensis river red gum 79 Faidherbia albida apple-ring acacia 84 Gnetum africanum eru 88 Hagenia abyssinica kosso 91 Indigofera arrecta Natal indigo 94 Kigelia africana sausage tree 98 Lycopodiella cernua stag-horn moss 102 Oreobambos buchwaldii large green bamboo 103 Oryza glaberrima African rice 104 Ozoroa insignis tropical resin tree 108 Pandanus utilis common screw pine 109 Parkia biglobosa African locust bean 111 Pelargonium Rosat Group rose-scented pelargonium 115 Raphia hookeri raphia palm 120 Ravenala madagascariensis traveller's palm 125 Sclerocarya birrea marula 127 Solanum aethiopicum scarlet eggplant 131 Spathodea campanulata African tulip tree 134 Strophanthus kombe 137 Tieghemella heckelii makore 139 Vigna subterranea bambara groundnut 142 Vitellaria paradoxa shea butter tree 147 Literature 153 Map of Tropical Africa for PROTA 187 Species arranged according to commodity groups Cereals and pulses Oryza glaberrima Vigna subterranea Vegetables Abelmoschus caillei Ampelopteris proliféra Gnetum africanum Solanum aethiopicum Dyes and tannins Acacia mearnsii Indigofera arrecta Ornamentals Lycopodiella cernua Ravenala madagascariensis Spathodea campanulata Forages Alysicarpus ovalifolius Diheteropogon amplectens Fruits Dacryodes edulis Sclerocarya birrea Timbers Aucoumea klaineana Oreobambos buchwaldii Tieghemella heckelii Carbohydrates Dioscorea cayenensis Ensete ventricosum Auxiliary plants Dactyladenia barteri Faidherbia albida Fuel plants Eucalyptus camaldulensis Ozoroa insignis Medicinal plants Connarus africanus Dodonaea viscosa Hagenia abyssinica Kigelia africana Strophanthus kombe Spices and condiments Aframomum corrorima Parkia biglobosa Essential oils and exudates Acacia Senegal Pelargonium Rosat Group Vegetable oils Crambe hispanica Vitellaria paradoxa Stimulants Catha edulis Coffea eugenioides Fibres Pandanus utilis Raphia hookeri Contributors Getachew Aweke, P.O. Box 4278, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Hagenia abyssinica) H.J. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom (Strophanthus kombe) C. Bernard, Rés. St. Raphaël, 89 Rue des 4 Vents, 34090 Montpellier, France (Faidherbia albida) M.T. Besong, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement IRAD, Ekona, PMB 25, Buea, Cameroon (Gnetum africanum) G. Bezançon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France (Oryza glaberrima) E. Boer, PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands (Acacia Senegal) L. Bonnéhin, Projet Autonome pour la Conservation du Parc National de Tai', (PACPNT), 01 B.P. 693, San Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire (Tieghemella heckelii) C.H. Bosch, Oudlaan 19, 6708 RC Wageningen, the Netherlands (Spathodea campanulata) M. Brink, PROSEA Publication Office, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands {Pandanus utilis, Raphia hookeri, Vigna subterranea) A. Charrier, Génétique et Amélioration des plantes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France (Coffea eugenioides) M. Chauvet, INRA Communication, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France (associate editor) U.A. Dasuki, Department of Biology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia (Pelargonium Rosat Group) S.D. Davis, Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom (Kigelia africana, associate editor) W. de Winter, Plevierenweide 82, 6708 BX Wageningen, the Netherlands (Ampelopteris proliféra) S. Diallo, Laboratoire de Malherbologie, ISRA/Fleuve, B.P. 240, Saint-Louis, Sénégal (Oryza glaberrima) J.C. Doran, Forestry and Forest Products, CSIRO, Queen Victoria Terrace, P.O. Box 4008, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) R.W. Dunlop, Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, P.O. Box 100281, Scottsville 3209, South Africa (Acacia mearnsii) O.M. Grace, c/o Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom (Kigelia africana) John B. Hall, School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom (Sclerocarya birrea) P. Hamon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) / Université Montpellier III, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France (Dioscorea cayenensis) 10 S. Hamon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France (Abelmoschus caillei) P.CM. Jansen, PROSEA Publication Office, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands (Aframomum corrorima, Hagenia abyssinica) B.T. Kang, Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA (Dactyladenia barteri) D.O. Ladipo, Centre for Environment, Renewable Natural Resources Management, Research and Development (CENRAD), 5 Akinola Maja Avenue, P.M.B. 5052, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria (Dactyladenia barteri) R.H.M.J. Lemmens, PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands (Connarus africanus, Indigofera arrecta, Lycopodiella cernua, Oreobambos buchwaldii, Tieghemella heckelii, editor) R.N. Lester, Birmingham University Botanic Gardens, Winterbourne, 58 Edgbaston Park Road, Birmingham, B15 2RT, United Kingdom (Solanum aethiopicum) A. Nikiema, Centre National de Semences Forestières, 01 B.P. 2682, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Vitellaria paradoxa) I.C. Onwueme, Center for Sustainable Living, Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA 17201, USA (Dioscorea cayenensis) L.P.A. Oyen, PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands (Crambe hispanica, Ozoroa insignis, editor) G. Pearman, PROTA Country Office UK, Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond,