Map 15 Arelate-Massalia Compiled by S. Loseby, 1995 Introduction Map 15 Arelate–Massalia Map 16 Colonia Forum Iulii–Albingaunum All the French départements covered here were treated in the CAGR series, beginning with its first volume, Alpes-Maritimes, in 1931. Its successor CAG is far more comprehensive, although unfortunately both maps were compiled before publication of the relevant volumes. Some references to them are incorporated in the Directories, however. Provence and Languedoc have in recent years been among the most dynamic regions of France in archaeological terms. As well as the periodic entries in Gallia Informations, the archaeology of the region sustains a series of journals, notably the Revue Archéologique de Narbonnaise, Documents d’Archéologie Méridionale, Bulletin d’Archéologie de Provence, Archéologie en Languedoc,andRevue des Etudes Ligures/Rivista di Studi Liguri.A comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the ancient history and archaeology of the region is lacking (Rivet 1988 is the best single work available); Bromwich (1993) at least provides a basic guide to the principal Greek and Roman remains. Of the numerous sites known exclusively from archaeology, only those significant enough to have attracted at least an article-length study are marked. The whole span from early Greek engagement with the region (c. 600 B.C.) is covered, up until c. A.D. 500; locations mentioned only in works associated with Caesarius of Arles are therefore excluded. From Cap Couronne eastwards (see La Couronne, Map 15 E3), the Provençal coastline appears to be little altered since antiquity, while on the western side of Map 15 the evolution of the shores of Languedoc has largely been gradual and minor–involving the shifting and consolidation of the sandbars which now separate the coastal étangs (lagoons) from the sea, but which seem to have been less developed in antiquity. In between, however, in the Rhône delta (ancient Rhodanus), change has been both constant and considerable. Its most striking manifestation is the submerging of the ancient port of Fossae Marianae, and the associated ambiguities surrounding the course of the celebrated Fossae Marianae canal; but the morphology of the whole area of the delta has undergone significant evolution over the centuries. The reconstructions offered here can therefore be regarded as no more than approximate. The course of the Durance (Druentia) has been much discussed too. Although the theory of a subsidiary arm of the river running along the north side of the Alpilles should be abandoned, it is clear that much of the land around the western end of the Alpilles, extending south-west towards Arles (Col. Arelate), was considerably marshier than it is today. Centuriation is another challenging problem. Alongside the well-known Orange cadasters (Col. Arausio), much painstaking work has now shown that the coastal plain of Languedoc was thoroughly centuriated in antiquity (note especially Clavel-Lévêque 1983). The existence of sundry overlapping centuriations (up to five in places) makes it impossible to represent all of these systems here; see the spate of specialist articles appearing in particular in Revue Archéologique de Narbonnaise. East of the Rhône valley, in Basse-Provence, extensive centuriation is rendered less likely by the fragmented nature of the terrain. Although attempts have been made to claim the existence of numerous small systems (Soyer 1973; 1974), these have generally been doubted on both empirical and chronological grounds. More broadly, in recent years Languedoc and Provence have given rise to numerous studies of the long-term evolution of rural settlement patterns. Much valuable and innovative survey work is being done for the areas around the Etang de Berre (Stomalimne) and Etang de Thau (Taurus in Map 15 B3) in particular. The roads of the region have not been systematically examined as a network. The arterial routes, the east-west axis formed by the Via Iulia Augusta-Via Aurelia-Via Domitia, and the north-south route on the eastern side of the 220 MAP 15 ARELATE-MASSALIA Rhône, with their chains of road stations, are relatively well attested and discussed; but few other roads have been considered in similar detail, and their courses are often ill-defined. No attempt is made here to show really minor or extremely short stretches of road. Certain routes are omitted as too conjectural for inclusion; at the same time it must be acknowledged that some of those shown may depend upon little more than local antiquarian tradition. Directory All place names are in France unless otherwise noted Abbreviations CAG 13/1 F. Gateau, Carte archéologique de la Gaule 13/1. L’Etang-de-Berre,Paris,1996 CAG 34/1 L. Schneider and D. Garcia, Carte archéologique de la Gaule 34/1. Le Lodévois,Paris,1998 CAG 48 D. Fabrié, Carte archéologique de la Gaule 48. La Lozère,Paris,1989 CAGR 5 F. Benoit, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, V. Bouches-du-Rhône,Paris,1936 CAGR 7 J. Sautel, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, VII. Vaucluse,Paris,1939 CAGR 8 M. Louis and A. Blanchet, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, VIII. Gard,Paris,1941 CAGR 10 E. Bonnet, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, X. Hérault,Paris,1946 CAGR 11 J. Sautel, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, XI. Drôme,Paris,1957 CAGR 12 A. Grenier, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, XII. Aude,Paris,1959 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference A3 Ad Ermum RL mine and road station at Combarnous 1971, 82-83 Peret-Cabrières E2 Ad Fines RL Mariquan area, near Goult Barruol 1962, 164-66 E3 Aemines R Sormiou? ItMarit 506.6; Rivet 1988, 222 A3 Agatha ACHRL Agde Bérard 1990; Nickels 1981; NPauly F2 Alaunium See Map 16 E2 Albici HR near Notre-Dame des Barruol 1969, 273-77 Anges C1 Alès CHR CAGR 8.365; Dedet 1981 C1 Allègre RL? CAGR 8.326; PECS C2 Ambrussum HR Pont-Ambroix, near Fiches 1989 Villetelle D2 Anatilii HR Barruol 1969, 203 B1 Andusia HR Anduze RE; PECS Anduze E2 Apta Iulia RL Apt Barruol 1968; Rivet 1988, 256-58; NPauly AquaeSextiae=Col. Aquae Sextiae D2 *Aramo? R Aramon CIL 12.2971; CAGR 8.127 C2 *Arandunum R Calvisson? CIL 12.4155; CAGR 8.61 A3 Araura/ R/ St-Thibéry ItAnt 389.4; PECS Cessero Cessero ACHRL A2 Arauris fl. HR Hérault RE Arausio = Col. Arausio Arelate = Theline A2 Arrigas R? two mines CAGR 8.433 A2 Aspiran R Fiches 1973; CAG 34/1.013 E3 Avatici HR Barruol 1969, 194-96 D2 Avennio ACHRL Avignon Gagnière 1970; Rivet 1988, 265-68; Christol 1992 Baeterrae = Col. Baeterrae B3 Balaruc-les-Bains RL Bermond 1992 F1 Banon RL Gallia 16 (1958) 392-99; 18 (1960) 284-85 E3 Baou-de-St-Marcel ACH Rayssiguier 1990 MAP 15 ARELATE-MASSALIA 221 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference F3 Baou-Rouge CH Honoré 1968 E3 Baou-Roux ACH Boissinot 1990 D2 Barbegal RL Amouretti 1992 B3 Le Barrou RL Sète PECS Sète; Gallia Infos (1987-88, i) 259 C2 Barutel R Bessac 1981 F3 Les Baumelles See Map 16 E2 Beaumajour RL Bellet 1978; CAG 13/1.044 E1 Beaumont-du-Ventoux RL CAGR 7.85B; Goudineau 1991, 130; Bellet 1992 E2 Beauregard ACHR Poumeyrol 1959; PECS Urgo D2 Bellintum L between Graveson and ItBurd 553.4; Rivet 1988, 269 Rognonas B3 Blasco Ins. HR Ile de Brescou RE Blasco(n) C2 Bois des Lens HR Bessac 1986 D1 La Brèche L Feugère 1987 A3 Les Brégines R? Clavel 1970, 339; Bedon 1984, 33, pl. 2 C1 *Briginnum? CHR Serre de Brienne, Brignon PECS Brignon; Souq 1989; Gallia Infos (1992, i) 107 C1 Brugetia? R Bruyès CIL 12.3362; Rivet 1988, 168 E2 Cabellio HRL Cavaillon PECS; Rivet 1988, 262-63; Bellet 1990 E3 Calcaria Solarium RL Vitrolles? RE Calcaria 1; Rivet 1988, 205 F3 Camactulici? See Map 16 D1 Camp de César CHRL Laudun PECS Laudun; Gallia Infos (1992, i) 112-13 F3 Camp de la Figuière See Map 16 D2 Campi Lapidei HR La Crau RE C2 Canteduc R Bessac 1981 A2 Capraria L Cabrières Weidemann 1982, 2.67; CAG 34/1.045 B1 Carnoulès R? CAGR 8.374 E1 Carpentorate/ RL/ Carpentras Ptol. 2.10.8; PECS; Rivet 1988, 283 *Forum Neronis R F3 Carsicis R Cassis ItMarit 506.2-3; Rivet 1988, 222 E3 Castellas de Rognac HR Chabot 1968; PECS Rognac; CAG 13/1, pp. 273-75 C2 Les Castels HR Nages Py 1978 D2 La Catalane HR Arcelin 1973 F2 Catuiacia RL St-Sauveur? near Céreste Barruol 1962, 166-69 D2 Cavares HR people Barruol 1969, 236-44 D2 Cavares H confederation Barruol 1969, 231-72 B1 Cebenna M. See Map 17 Cessero = Araura E2 Château-Bas RL Vernègues Grenier 1958, 280-85; Bromwich 1993, 237-39 F1 Châtelard de Lardiers ACHRL Lardiers PECS Lardiers F3 Citharista RL La Ciotat ItMarit 506.3-4; Rivet 1988, 198, 201-202 A2 Clermont-l’Hérault R CAG 34/1.079 E3 La Cloche H Chabot 1983 B2 Clos-de-l’Armet RL Majurel 1967 D2 Clos de Serre RL Caumont-sur-Durance Mouraret 1990 E2 Col. Aquae Sextiae HRL Aix-en-Provence PECS; Ambard 1984; Guyon 1986; NPauly § Col. Iulia Augusta Aquae III.5 Aquae Sextiae D1 Col. Arausio HRL Orange PECS; Bellet 1991; Bromwich 1993, § Col. Firma Iulia 181-94; NPauly Arausio Arausio Secundanorum Col. Arelate = Theline A3 Col. Baeterrae HRL settlement and bridge at PECS 134-35; Clavel 1970; Sagnes 1986; § Col. Victrix Iulia Béziers NPauly Baeterrae Paterna A2 CombedeFignols R Peret Olive 1989; CAG 34/1, pp. 243-45 A3 La Condoumine RL Puissalicon Bacou 1971 Constantina = Theline 222 MAP 15 ARELATE-MASSALIA Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference E2 Constantine HRL Bouloumié 1987; Leveau 1990; CAG 13/1, pp.