“y o—J “ KHS OF TH E P U N J B Y R. E . P A RRY . Late Indian ArmyRes erve of Offic ers s ome time A ctin g C aptain and Adj utant z/15t-h Lu n i h me m t he 5th dhia a S k s . S o ti e at ac d 3 S s . ”D " do \ r LO ND O N D R A N E ' S , D ANEGELD H O U S E , 82 A F ARRINGD O N STREET C 4 E . , , . O N TE N TS C . P reface Chapter l— Religion and H is tory ’ 2 — Char acteri s tic s of the Jat 3— Sikh Vill ag e Life 4 — The E conomic Geography of the P unj ab ( i) The Contr ol of E nvir on 5 Agr icu ltu re and Indu s tri es G— Rec ruiting Methods Index Bibliography P RE F AGE . m Thi s little book is written with the obj ect of giving tothe general pu blic s ome idea of one of our mos t loyal I nd i an s ects ; thou gh its nu m er s ar e om ar a e few et b c p tiv ly , yit played nosmall share in u pholding the traditions of tli e Br iti sh E mpir e in nol es s than s ix theatres f w r 0 a . N otru e picture wou ld b e complet e with ou t s ome account of the envir onment that has ed t m the h r er h s help o ould Sik ch a act . T i environment is esp eci ally typic al in the Lu d ana d s r and is here h hi i t ict , it t t at some of the fines t typ es of Sikh manhood are met with . S ome attempt has b een mad e togive the i mitated pronunciation of the P unj abi words u s ed I t ake thi s opportunity of thanking P r f r L d f r h m oess o L . W . y e o aving i bu ed me with s ome of the ideas on E conomic Geo ra h and C a a n B ur es s for n g p y , pt i g , givi g me hree hoo ra hs f i w r s rs t p t g p o S kh e tle . m N otic e of errors will be mos t welco e . P . E . R . 1 2 9 . Oct . , 1 ikhs of the P un ab The S j . CH AP TER I . RE LBG IO N AN D H IST O RY . hs ar e not a t ri e or r a e b u t an The S ik b c , is order of milit ary H indu di s senter s . Sikh m “ i r f the s ord s n e u on the s ee s a eligion o w , i c p t l All r u kh s e n did it s s u cc es s dep end . t e Si b lo g ‘ ” h rh t the K ha s a or rot e ood of the E ec . o l , b l t I nitiation into the brotherhood is only oh t ained hrou h the P ah ul a e r t g ( g t ) , o a sm of er N o one is a h b pti wat . Sik by rt u f rt h hu s . i u mm vi e o bi . T it s q ite co on for a Sikh father tohave s ev eral H indu children Thes e are the five ou tw ard s igns of S h sm ea h e nn n ik i , c b gi i g with the l etter K and known as the five K ukkas 1 2 T H E S I K H S O F T H E P U N J AB l ) K es or on ha r 2 K un ( , l g i ; ( ) ga, or wooden comb u sed tosecure the top - knot ; ” 3 K a hh or h r ( ) c , s ot white drawers worn ” ne tothe s n 4 K ar xt ki ; ( ) a, or ir on brace let and 5 K handa or sho w - ; ( ) , rt t oed ged d r A agge . ll true Sikhs bear the title of S n h r T o on . h i g , li e following alsomu s t ’ z — A s b e o served m . nen r m b , b ti c e f o tobacco, no meat! mu s t b e e aten except the flesh of animals d ecapitated by one blow or “ ha a cas is n r J tk , te ot to b e ecogni sed ; ” K ar P ar had r r en a s , o s ac am tal food taken from a common di sh to break down c as te mu s t b e eaten ; the s teel and turb an mu s t b e worn ; the hair mu s t b e let down and comb ed at l eas t twic e a d ay; the body mu s t b e b athed r ur n th in old a er n f equ ently d i g e dayc w t , a d the ran h or s red r n s G th S a ib , ac w iti g , mu s b e r ead morn n and e en n and t i g v i g , if os s e e ore meals . p ibl , b f The spiritu al teachers of the Sikhs were ” the ten urus s n m rder G , who e a es in o of living are as follows B an 14 69 t 5 1 . aba N ak o1 39 An 2 . gad 1539 to1 552 A a 15 5 t 5 4 3 . mr D s 2 o1 7 m D s 15 74 to1581 4 . Ra i Ar 1581 t 5 . j an o1606 T H E S I K H S O F T H E P U N J AB I 3 6 H r . e Govind 1606 to1645 7 . H ar Rai 1645 to1661 8 . E ar K i shin 1 661 to1 664 e h B h 9 . T g a adur 1664 to1675 vin 10. Gé d Singh 1675 to1708 The fir s Guru B an w t , aba N ak , as born near Lahore in th P un a m d n ro , e j b , a i an e vi n men of h mm d n hu h t Mo a e an i flu enc es . T s e w m m r as i bu ed with monotheis . H e p eached a v er y mild and gentle doctrine — All men w ere equ al in s ight of God ; God w as un iv er s al and did not b elong to anyp ar ticu lar r n Men er e not s eligio . w to live an a cetic fe b ut ere to e u ri h and ur es li , w liv p g t p e liv , amid every - days c enes of bu s ines s and plea ’ su r N an s on e on of od is e res sed e . ak c c pti G xp by the b eginning of the Sikh morning prayer o is one H is nam is rue H e is G d , e t , the r e or u r hou en C at , witho t fea , wit t m me es s B e n F rm es s h s ity , Ti l i g , o l , a ne er ome n o om is s e - e s n v c i t a w b , lf xi ti g , r r i g eat and me c ful . U nder An sm rela sed i nto an gad , Sikhi p An a g d . s n m s es b ut s a cetic te dency a ong its di cipl , thi andler The M antle of the E as t . 141 . C , p 1 4 T H E S I K H S or T H E P U N J AB Amr D a s . w as he d in he Amr D as his su r l c ck by , cc esso . Ram D Ram D as w as the founder of the oden as . G l ” Tem e or D ar ar S ah Amr r pl , b ib , at its a the L ke of mm r t m a I ot ali y . A rits ar is the M ec a of the S hs w ho o t r c ik , fl ck owo ship the ho oo or G ran h in th de ly b k , t , e Gol n Tem e and to u r f hems e es b s h pl , p i y t lv ywa ing i h h r f s r n t e oly w ate o the ac ed tank .