Local Networks and Socially Innovative Territories the Case of the Basque Region and Goierri County

Local Networks and Socially Innovative Territories the Case of the Basque Region and Goierri County

Tesis Doctorales Orkestra ISSN 2254-3767 Local Networks and Socially Innovative Territories The case of the Basque Region and Goierri County Miren Estensoro Garcia Tesis Doctoral TDIVC-004 Ekonomia Aplikatua I Saila – Departamento de Economía Aplicada I EKONOMIA ETA ENPRESA-ZIENTZIEN FAKULTATEA FACULTAD DE CIENCIA ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES LOCAL NETWORKS AND SOCIALLY INNOVATIVE TERRITORIES THE CASE OF THE BASQUE REGION AND GOIERRI COUNTY PhD Thesis Miren Estensoro Garcia Supervised by Mikel Zurbano Irizar PhD. Miren Larrea Aranguren PhD. June 2012 2 “Tell me and I'll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I'll understand.” Chinese proverb 3 ESKERRAK Tesi bat, ikerketa lan sakon eta zorrotza izateaz gain, oso aberasgarria den ikasketa prozesu izugarri baten isla ere bada, lan arloan nahiz arlo pertsonalean. Horrenbeste denbora eraman duen lan hau amaitzean, posible egin duten pertsona guztien izenak datozkit gogora. Lehenik, Goiekiko lankide eta lagunak. Alde batetik, 2006 amaieran doktorego programan hasteko animatu eta lagundu nindutelako. Bestetik, tesi honen oinarrian dagoen eta benetako ekintzari loturiko jakintza garatzeko eszenatoki ezin hobe bat eskaini didatelako. Bereziki, Nikori, ekintza-ikerketak duen balioan sinetsi eta bost urtetan egindako lan izugarria abentura moduan bizitzen erakusteagatik. Orkestrari ere nire eskerrik beroenak tesi hau egiteko aukera eskaintzeagatik. Zehazki, tesi honen zuzendari den Miren Larrearen jakintza, gogo, indar eta babesa azpimarragarri zaizkit. Eskerrik asko Miren, ikerketaren munduan, nire bidea bilatzen lagundu eta zure ilusioa eta lan egiteko gogo hori partekatzeagatik. Hein berean eskerrak Mikel Zurbanori. Hasieratik baldintzarik gabeko babesa eman eta nire lanean sinesteagatik. Eta beti, lasaitasun eta poztasun hori transmititzeagatik. Bioi, Mikeli eta Mireni, mila esker lapurtutako denbora eta esfortzuagatik eta tesi hau egiteko prozesu guztian zehar, alboan izan zaituztedalako. Tesi honetako zuzendari ofiziala ez den arren, lan hau egiteko horrenbeste lagundu didan eta ekintza ikerketaren munduan paregabeko irakasle den James Karlsen bereziki aipatu nahi dut (James, thank you so much for asking good questions and for being the best “critical” friend! Takk!). Modu berean, Agderforskningeko lankideak ditut gogoan, horien artean Mikaela Vasström eta Romulo Pinheiro batez ere. Norvegian egindako egonaldian, tesi honetarako ekarpenak egin eta aholkuak emateaz gain, lagunartean sentiarazi nindutelako. Tesi honetako protagonista diren eta euren denbora eskurarazi didaten EAEko tokiko garapen agentzietako kideei ere eskerrik asko. Ikerketa lan honek, askotan itzalean gelditzen den eta agurgarria den profesional hauen lana ere azpimarratu nahi du. Bereziki, eskerrik asko Itziar Abarisketa, Jon Zubizarreta, Cristina Zumeta, Unai Andueza, Josune Telleria, Ainara Basurko eta 4 Augusto Uriarteri eskainitako arreta eta laguntzagatik. Halaber, Deustuko Unibertsitateko Alazne Mujikari, bere aholku ezin hobeengatik, mila esker. Aipamen berezi bat, tesi honen egunerokoan lagundu didaten lankideentzat; Goiekin (Borja, Maialen, Iker, Ana, Luismari eta gainerako guztiak), Orkestran (Susana-pazientziaz beteta irakasle lanetan aritu eta gainera irribarre batekin laguntzeagatik!-, Amaia, Ainhoa, Edurne, James, Mikel, Asier, Usue eta besteak) eta ConectaDELeko proiektuan Argentinan (Pablo, Mónica, Graciela, Pía eta Déborah). Zuen animoak izugarri balio izan dit! Azkenik, gainerako lagun guztiei (urruti egon arren, hor daudenak!) eta batez ere familiari. Nire gurasoei, Angel eta Dorita, euren seme-alabengan beti jarri duten arreta eta ilusioagatik. Maiderri, Olatzi eta Anjeli, tesi honetan ere energiaz bete nauzuelako. Eta gure etxeko txikiei, izeba Mireni beti irribarrea ateratzeagatik. Eta nola ez, Josebari. Bizitza honetan guztiari sentidua aurkitzen laguntzeagatik eta zoriontsu egiteagatik. Maiti, bukau deula tesie! Zuei guztiei, tesi hau zuena ere badelako. Miren Estensoro Garcia Buenos Aires, 2012ko apirilak 4 5 LIST OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 11 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 13 1.1. Research problem and objectives ............................................................................... 15 1.2. Contribution of this thesis ........................................................................................... 16 1.3. Thesis structure ........................................................................................................... 17 2. SOCIALLY INNOVATIVE TERRITORIES ......................................................................... 21 2.1. A new public intervention mode ................................................................................. 22 2.2. Governance modes for Social Innovation ................................................................... 23 2.3. Changing the meaning and logic of innovation and territorial development: Social Innovation ................................................................................................................................ 27 2.3.1. The Territorial Development approach for Social Innovation ................................ 28 2.3.2. Institutional dynamics for Social Innovation ........................................................... 29 2.3.3. Types of capital and Social Innovation .................................................................... 31 2.3.4. Implications for policy-making ................................................................................ 32 2.4. Socially Innovative Territories: territorial development beyond Learning Regions and Territorial Innovation Models .................................................................................................. 34 2.5. Chapter summary ........................................................................................................ 39 3. LOCAL NETWORKING PROCESSES FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................. 41 3.1. Knowledge exchange and learning through networking ............................................ 43 3.2. The territorial content of learning .............................................................................. 46 3.2.1. Local Buzz and Global Pipelines .............................................................................. 46 3.2.2. Questioning the meaning of proximity ................................................................... 48 3.2.3. The value of Knowledge Linkages and Collective Learning ..................................... 50 3.2.4. The Industrial Knowledge Base approach ............................................................... 53 3.2.5. Innovation Modes ................................................................................................... 54 3.2.6. Innovation Systems ................................................................................................. 55 3.2.7. Absorptive capacity ................................................................................................. 57 3.3. The need to go beyond the market-economy behaviour: networking processes for Social Innovation ...................................................................................................................... 59 3.3.1. Networking precedents ........................................................................................... 60 3.3.2. Institutional capacity: density and integration ....................................................... 62 3.3.3. Leadership modes and the role of intermediary agents ......................................... 63 3.4. Chapter summary ........................................................................................................ 66 4. THE LINK BETWEEN ACTION RESEARCH AND SOCIAL INNOVATION............................. 69 4.1. History of Action Research and different approaches ................................................ 72 4.2. The link between Pragmatic Action Research and Social Innovation ......................... 73 4.3. The Engaged Researcher ............................................................................................. 77 4.3.1. The Engaged Researcher as facilitator of learning processes ................................. 78 4.3.2. Change in the research focus .................................................................................. 81 4.4. Chapter summary ........................................................................................................ 83 5. FACTORS THAT MAKE TERRITORIES SOCIALLY INNOVATIVE ....................................... 86 5.1. Collaboration ............................................................................................................... 89 6 5.1.1. Collective action ...................................................................................................... 90 5.1.2. Diversity of participants .......................................................................................... 91 5.1.3. Network managers .................................................................................................. 92 5.2. Shared leadership ........................................................................................................ 92 5.2.1. Political involvement ............................................................................................... 93 5.2.2. Resources ...............................................................................................................

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