Discourse Analysis Studies: The Contributions in Language Teaching Desi Yanti Sinurat English Departement Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Lancang Kuning University Abstract: This paper was created with the aim to focus the attention of the contributions of discourse analysis to language learning. Most researchers today are concerned with discourse analysis as an alternative way to distinguish the process of language cognition. In this discussion will arise how the functional characteristics of sentimental element that acts as a signal for the listener in different contexts to facilitate the integration of online information and discourse analysis is as a methodological tool used to adjust the functional inquiry of the speaker, as well as the process of development as we are discriminated by identifying responsible social attitudes and ideologies in observed linguistic patterns. Most teachers have a tendency to teach languages separately with their use. So that the resulting context is discussed is poorly understood and the time to practice the lesson has been less tangible, and in life situations, students fail to use language and find it difficult to recognize the function speech guided by the speaker. Keywords: Discourse analysis, pragmatics, speech acts, functions, context, syllabus, structuralism, methodology. 1. Introduction 1. The formal and functional The approaches to communicating or aspect of language. speaking can be shaped from multiple The particular languages can be directions. Language approaches exist both summarised macro linguistic as biological, linguistically and non-linguistically. But cultural, and sociological an in a narrow most people in the language are not sense of phonology, morphology, commensurate with the appropriate semantics, in other terms the grammatical wording. Therefore, in reality, it cannot be properties. The starting of a more scientific perfect for further understanding of the approach to language could be observed in language which is in accordance with the structural approach. Structural linguist structure of the grammar. For the structure tried to find out the grammatical properties of the language, we can find in the book of of language: in other words, the formal grammar, because the learning in the book aspect of language, sound, words, is very efficient and effective. So do not sentences are explored from many points waste time. The lesson in this book has of views and by thousands of people and become a very useful way. There are consequently those studies met at a single questions that are used to answer point. something that happened in nature. Sentences which gratuity utters in order to question or there are a billion types of Communicate, are formal contracts and questions. The essential issue to reclaim they are groups of related words in which here is that one has to ask the question grammar is the base. In fact, this common related a purpose.. anto Hamuddin (2012) thought and aim in language studies cannot points out, a linguistic functionalist is one be ignored, but there is always a need to go who tries to determine how speakers beyond these studies. In applied manage to reach their communicative ends linguistics, it is proved that grammar by means of a language and who is ready teaching does not make people speak and to classify and Hierarchies facts it any reflects the abstract side, so what is accordingly, even at the expense of formal beyond the from? Anticipate, it is ‘the identities. function’. The structural study of language helps us in understanding the functional approach. To begin with, grammatical function of The functional study of language means, language has to be studied, thus form and studying how language is used. For function have to be compared. Since instance, trying to find out what the grammar reflects the formal counterpart specific purpose that language serves for when someone says “book” and “The book us, and how the members of a language there”, may only be a very slight community achieve and react to these difference between the two. Whether one purposes through speaking, reading, says “book or the book, the responder writing and listening. About this, Simpson understands both, hence there is no need to says that “it is clear that the use of consider function in this perspective, but language is part of a communication what about the relationship between the channel that includes non-linguistic noun and the verb. For example “smile and behavior. Linguistic and non-linguistic baby”. When these two words are may be inseparable from the point of view organized in two different ways they of the speaker and the hearer: hand me reflect two separate meanings. One is over the pointing and the role of nudges, “baby smiles and the other “smiles baby”. winks facial expressions, the tone of voice, When these two constructions are used in and so on. In this respect, can easily be any context the meaning they convey to considered as an example. When a person the hearer is apparent. asks the question, the other response, but there are several ways of asking the same Examples : 1. The baby smiled to the achieved if the "smiling" and "baby" balloon examples can be replaced on triangles 2. Mother smiled to the baby nonsense except formalism. More than the From the first example above, where the relationship of the affected person. smiling perpetrator is the baby, while the Synthetically it is a 'subject-object' smiley effect is the balloons. Then from relationship, so love and smile can be the second example, the perpetrator of the easily applied to this triangle. Baby and smiling act is the mother and the baby who smile symbols, baby referrals: very young gets the effect of the smile. both concepts children, smiling sedans: happy are a sign of a secure signal within a impressions in the face. semantic consisting of a marker and which Thinking or reference: what listeners are then connected with associative understand when baby and smile is said. psychology bonds, known as the triangular There are some the question: semiotics of Ogden and Richards made in 1923. 1. If the words we apply to the triangle While the Palmer states that the view of way, then whether the results will be Ogden and Richards sees its relationship as achieved that we expect? a triangle, in which linguistic symbols and 2. What is the relationship between these elements of words, sentences, references elements? and others in the world of experience. 3. What is the purpose or purpose of the Whereas thought and reference is a words they convey to the hearer? concept, according to theory there is no direct connection between symbols and From the above questions, to oppose or references (between the language and the against the theory of Ogden and Richards references), the connection is through it is impossible to answer his questions thinking and referencing the concepts of quickly. Just in terms of semantics, just our thinking. searching for the answer "for what it means" in this semantic theory is the one But for the opinion of Ogden and used the meaning of the word words that Richards, the relationship of thought exists are spoken according to the purpose or in the minds of people, but in the opinion purpose of certain events. The meaning of of Ogden and Richards, it is not explained these words is the small sentence or or focused on how that meaning is context in which they are used. As an illustration of brown and Yule states: in recent years, the idea of linguistic strings comprehension is considered in a text, (a Sentence ) can be fully analyzed social, and psychological contexts, so regardless of 'context'. This question has meaningful and understandable to them been seriously questioned. If Grammar that it can be used. Brown and Yule state: wants to criticize delivery in Language. an appropriate discourse analysis of Whatever in the delivery of Language or language analysis is used, and therefore words in accordance with the term of language analysis is not limited to the actual Grammar. And what we do when unexplained linguistic form of purpose and asked "what is certain intention function that everyone's mind has acceptable?" and whether we are prepared accepted. to build some circumstances where the For Fairclough: There is a reciprocal sentence can be used properly. relationship between language and society. Language is part of society, the linguistic Sometimes in the delivery of a word or phenomenon is a social phenomenon of a phrase, there is a different delivery special kind and a social phenomenon is a according to the purpose or purpose of the linguistics phenomenon. Schiffrin speaker. As pointed out by Alberto, the expressed his opinion: a language main point about "function" that definition is the use of a language essentially separates them from all other consistent with its function in general. important units. Here the meaning of Discourse is seen as a system in which "function" the purpose of language usage, certain functions are realized which are of but this term cannot be equated with great concern. The definition of "usefulness" only. This should be functionalist discourse makes analysis considered in the context of learning in away from the structural basis of orderly discourse analysis. and needy focus. In contrast, in speech patterns, it is used for certain purposes in certain contexts and how the results of the capture and understanding have been 3. Formal and functional conveyed. Communicative-based paradigms in discourse. strategies tend to use various analytical To begin a discourse then we need to methods as well as quantitative methods define the term in the discourse that we derived from the social, scientific will pass on. For word processing: approach, and how to interpret the more discourse analysis examines how language humanist to replicates the purpose of the speaker itself.