Vol. 4 I 2013-2014 Edited by the Understanding Korea Project INFOKOREA_1(4교).indd 1 2014-08-29 오전 9:33:06 A night view of Seoul Floating Island. Located in the Han River, it is the world’s largest cultural space and convention complex on the water. INFOKOREA AN ESSENTIAL GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS Published in July 2014 Published by the Academy of Korean Studies Press Edited by the Understanding Korea Project Copy Editor | Colleen W. Mackey, Elizabeth S. Cooper Address | The Academy of Korean Studies Press, 323 Haogae-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-791, Korea Tel | 82-31-708-5360 Fax | 82-31-701-1343 E-mail | [email protected] ©2014 The Academy of Korean Studies On the cover: A collage made with Kim Hongdo’s Mudong, Dancing Children with Musicians in the background. Source of the photograph: National Museum of Korea. All statistics and descriptions in the statistics part refer to Korea Statistical Yearbook 2012 by STATISTICS KOREA (kostat.go.kr). INFOKOREA_1(4교).indd 2 2014-08-29 오전 9:33:09 Table of Contents STATISTICS 1 Land and Climate / 2 2 Population and Household & Housing / 4 3 Employment, Labor and Wages / 7 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries / 10 5 Establishment, Mining and Manufacturing / 12 6 Construction / 14 7 Energy / 16 8 Wholesale·Retail Trade & Service Industry and Business Enterprise / 18 9 Transportation and Information & Telecommunications / 20 10 Foreign Trade, Balance of Payments and ©Yonhap News ©Yonhap Foreign Exchange / 23 11 Public Finance / 26 12 Money & Financial Institution and Insurance & Securities / 28 13 Prices and Household Economy / 30 14 National Accounts and Gross Regional Domestic Product / 33 15 Health and Social Security / 36 ©Yonhap News ©Yonhap 16 Environment / 38 17 Education, Culture and Science / 40 FOCUS An Understanding of Korean ©Yonhap News ©Yonhap Middle and High Schools / 42 FEATURE 1 An Invitation to Gugak, Traditional Korean Music / 50 2 A Brief Glance at the Aesthetic World of ©Yonhap News ©Yonhap Traditional Korean Music / 59 INFOKOREA_1(4교).indd 1 2014-08-29 오전 9:33:16 STATISTICS 1 Land and Climate Utilization of Land Sixty-four percent of Korea’s land mass is covered by forests. A Table 1.1 Land Utilization by Land Category (km2, %) national land utilization plan helps the country allocate the land Dry paddy Orchard Road & Total Building Factory properly, and the country is constantly pursuing a balanced devel- field & Forest & pas- railroad area site site opment of national territory. paddy ture site field Figure 1.1 shows the land utilization by category in 2011. 1990 98,730 21,484 65,139 817 1,937 246 1,922 There are seven categories: forest, dry paddy field and paddy (composition) 100.0 21.8 66.0 0.8 2.0 0.2 1.9 field, orchard and pasture, road and railroad site, factory site and 1995 99,286 21,057 65,506 931 2,124 386 2,127 (composition) 100.0 21.2 66.0 0.9 2.1 0.4 2.1 others. The forest, at 64.2 percent, was the highest, followed by 2000 99,461 20,507 65,139 1,088 2,349 514 2,397 dry paddy field and paddy field at 19.5 percent, and road and rail- (composition) 100.0 20.6 65.5 1.1 2.4 0.5 2.4 road sites at 3.0 percent. 2005 99,646 20,108 64,805 1,108 2,553 622 2,685 (composition) 100.0 20.2 65.0 1.1 2.5 0.6 2.7 If examining Korea’s land area by cities and provinces at the 2009 99,897 19,716 64,472 1,129 2,706 720 2,930 end of 2011, Gyeongsangbuk-do had the most land area, at 19.0 (composition) 100.0 19.7 64.5 1.1 2.7 0.7 2.9 percent, Gangwon-do was second at 16.8 percent, and then Jeol- 2010 100,033 19,617 64,504 1,128 2,744 749 2,981 lanam-do at 12.2 percent. In terms of population, Gyeonggi-do (composition) 100.0 19.6 64.5 1.1 2.7 0.7 3.0 2011 100,148 19,565 64,337 1,181 2,785 781 3,039 had the highest share, at 23.7 percent. Seoul was second at 20.1 (composition) 100.0 19.5 64.2 1.2 2.8 0.8 3.0 percent, followed by Busan at 7.0 percent and Gyeongsangnam- Source: Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs do at 6.5 percent. 『Cadastral Statistical Annual Report』, 『Statistical Yearbook of MLTM』 Figure 1.1 Land Utilization by Land Category (2011) Korea’s population density at the end of 2011 was 497 peo- ple/km2. Seoul’s population density was 16,567. This is about 186 Building site 2.8% Factory site 0.8% times higher than that of Gangwon-do, which recorded 89. Seoul Orchard & pasture 1.2% Road & railroad site had the highest number of business establishments, at 21.7 per- 3.0% cent. Gyeonggi-do was second with 20.8 percent, and then Busan at 7.6 percent. Others In 2011, Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do, all of which be- 8.5% long to the capital area, accounted for 11.8 percent of Korea’s land area. However, they had 49.3 percent of the population and 47.3 percent of the number of business establishments. Dry paddy field & paddy field Forest 19.5% 64.2% City Planning As of 2011, 17.5 percent of the total land area in Korea had been 40000 designated as a city planning district under the “National Land Planning and Utilization Act.” As for how the district area is des- 30000ignated, 72.4 percent is green area, 14.4 percent is residential, 6.1 percent is industrial, and 1.8 percent is commercial. The remain- ing 5.3 percent is undesignated. 20000 Source: Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs 「Cadastral Statistical Annual Report」, 「Statistical Yearbook of MLTM」 10000 2 INFOKOREA 0 INFOKOREA_1(4교).indd 2 2014-08-29 오전 9:33:16 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 85 80 75 70 65 60 ©Yonhap News ©Yonhap Autumn in Korea Table 1.2 Urban Planning (km2, %) 1,622.6 mm, 24 percent higher than the average yearly level. This Propor- is the fi fth highest level since 1973. The number of days with Urban Com- Undes- tion to Residen- Industri- Green planning mercial ignated land tial area al area area more than 30 mm of maximum precipitation per hour was 3.2, area area area area one and a half days more than the average yearly level. The num- 1990 13,901.52 14.1 1,540.65 194.34 492.80 10,868.13 805.60 ber of days with more than 80 mm of precipitation a day was 3.5, 1995 14,790.74 14.9 1,764.46 224.41 654.31 11,265.08 882.48 1.2 days more than the average yearly level. This is the second 2000 15,806.43 15.9 1,897.74 244.80 715.28 11,751.24 1,197.37 highest record since 1973. 2005 17,039.77 17.1 2,121.85 264.04 793.11 12,607.49 1,253.29 2009 17,420.23 17.4 2,402.37 299.47 963.94 12,621.06 1,133.38 2010 17,492.20 17.5 2,494.27 310.55 1,048.62 12,666.46 972.30 2011 17,558.81 17.5 2,536.30 316.99 1,074.44 12,704.23 926.87 1) Compo- Table 1.3 Meteorological Element Values by Years (℃, mm, Days) 100.0 - 14.4 1.8 6.1 72.4 5.3 sition More More Mean Mean than than Source: Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs 『Status of Urban Planning』 Mean maxi- mini- Number Precipi- 30mm of 80mm temper- mum mum of rainy tation precipi- of daily ature temper- temper- days tation precipi- Overall Climate ature ature per hour tation The annual mean temperature in 2011 was 12.4 degrees Celsius, 1973-1980 12.1 17.6 7.3 1,209.6 104.6 1.2 1.7 and the mean maximum temperature was 17.7 degrees Celsius. 1981-1990 12.2 17.8 7.4 1,284.1 104.2 1.6 2.1 These temperatures were lower by 0.1 degrees and 0.4 degrees, 1991-2000 12.5 18.2 7.6 1,280.5 99.3 1.6 2.4 respectively, compared with the average yearly level. The mean 2001-2010 12.8 18.3 8.1 1,358.5 106.9 2.0 2.5 minimum temperature was 7.8 degrees Celsius, which was 0.1 2011 12.4 17.7 7.8 1,622.6 113.0 3.2 3.5 degrees higher than the average. Note: 1) The nationwide value is the average of values observed at 60 observing points. In 2011, the mean annual precipitation for the country was Source: Korea Meteorological Administration STATISTICS 3 INFOKOREA_1(4교).indd 3 2014-08-29 오전 9:33:18 STATISTICS 2 Population and Household & Housing Scale and Structure of Population projections is a high scenario and the combination of lowest-level Since population drives both production and consumption, a projections is a low scenario.