Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: an account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip200010 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: an account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia Author/Creator Hall, Richard Nicklin Date 1905? Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zambezi-Limpopo Watershed, Zimbabwe, Great Zimbabwe Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT952 .H17 Description With an introduction by Professor A.H. Keane. With two hundred illustrations, maps and plans. Format extent 556 (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip200010 http://www.aluka.org AtiX- AtiX- Lj GREAT ZIMBABWE MASHONALAND, RHODESIA Price ios. 6d. net. T-Vith seventy illustrations THE ANCIENT RUINS OF RHODESIA BY W. G. NEAL AND R. N. HALL SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION THE CONICAL TO\VE2, ELLIPTICAL TElýIPLIý,, GREAT ZI,7\IBAIý,Wlý, HAA GREAT ZIMBABWE MASHONALAND, RHODESIA AN ACCOUNT OF TWO YEARS' EXAMINATION WORK IN 1902-4 ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT OF RHODESIA BY R. N HALL, F.R.G.S. CO-AUTHOR WITH W. G. NEAL OF " THE ANCIENT RUINS OF RHODESIA' WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY PROFESSOR A. H. KEANE, LL.D., F.R.G.S. WITH TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND PLANS NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION TSONANy jUN 2 7 1985 METHUEN & CO. L:z 36 ESSEX STREET" LONDON First PulisAed. Second and Cheaoer Edition Febira y, 1Q05 f907 CONTENTS DEDICATION Page xiii PREFACE xv INTRODUCTION, by Professor A. H. Keane, LL.D., F.R.G.S. xxxi CHAPTER I Arrival at Great Zimbabwe- First Impressions -View from Acropolis Hill I CHAPTER II Mystic Zimbabwe-Sunday Morning and Midnight in an Ancient Temple--Sunset on the Acropolis 12 CHAPTER III A day at Havilah Camp, Zimbabwe 31 CHAPTER IV Zimbabwe District-Chipo-popo Falls-Frond Glen-Lumbo Rocks -" Morgenster" Mission-Wuwulu-Mojej~je, or Mystic Bar -Suku Dingle- Bingura's Kraal-Motumi's Kraal-Chipfuko Hill- Chipadzi's Kraal 5I CHAPTER V Zimbabwe Natives-Natives and the Ruins-Natives (general) 8o CHAPTER VI Relics and Finds, Great Zimbabwe, 19o2-4 102 CHAPTER VII Notes on Ancient Architecture at Zimbabwe- IntroductionDurability of Walls- Dilapidations- M akalanga Walls- Remains of Native Huts found in Ruins- Passages-Entrances and Buttresses 135 Vi CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII Notes on Ancient Architecture at Zimbabwe (continued)-DrainsBattering of Walls-Soapstone Monoliths and Beams-Granite and Slate Beams-Cement- Dadoes-Built-up crevices-Holes in Walls other than Drains-Blind Steps- Platforms-Ancient Walls at a Distance from Main Walls-Caves and Rock Holes Page x68 CHAPTER IX The Elliptical Temple- Plan- Construction, Measurements Summit and Foundations of Main Wall-Chevron PatternGround Surface of Exterior 193 CHAPTER X The Elliptical Temple (continued)-Main Entrances 2 i6 CHAPTER XI The Elliptical Temple (continued)-Enclosures Nos. I to 7 225 CHAPTER XII The Elliptical Temple (coninued)-Sacred Enclosure-Conical Tower-Small Tower-Parallel passage 237 CHAPTER XIII The Elliptical Temple (continued)-The Platform-Enclosures Nos. 9 to is5-Central Area-Platform Area-Inner Parallel Passage-South Passage- West Passage-North-East Passage -Outer Parallel Passage 251 CHAPTER XIV Acropolis Ruins-South-East Ancient Ascent-Lower ParapetRock Passage-Upper Parapet-Western Enclosure 27 CHAPTER XV Acropolis Ruins (continued)-The Western Temple 297 CHAPTER XVI Acropolis Ruins (continued)-Platform Enclosure-Cleft Rock Enclosure-The Platform-Balcony Wall--Little EnclosureWinding Stairs-Upper Passage-East Passage- Buttress Passage-South Enclosures A, B, and C-South Cave-South Passage-Central Passage 310 CONTENTS vii CHAPTER XVII Acropolis Ruins (continued)-Eastern Temple-Ancient BalconyBalcony Enclosure-Balcony Cave-"Gold Furnace" Enclosure -Pattern Passage-Recess Enclosure-North Plateau-North Parapet Page 323 CHAPTER XVIII Acropolis Ruins (continued)-North-West Ancient Ascent-Watergate Ruins- Terraced Enclosures on North-West Fice of Zimbabwe Hill-South Terrace-Ruins on South Face of Zimbabwe Hill-Outspan Ruins 344 CHAPTER XIX "The Valley of Ruins "-Posselt, Philips, Maund, Renders, Mauch Ruins, and South-East Ruins 363 CHAPTER XX "The Valley of Ruins" (continued)-No. i Ruins-Ridge RuinsCamp Ruins Nos. i and 2 398 CHAPTER XXI Ruins near Zimbabwe-East Ruins-Other Ruins within the Zimbabwe Ruins' Area 420 NOTES AND ADDENDA 433 INDEX LIST OF PLATES Conical Tower, Elliptical Temple, Great Zimbabwe Fronti The late Mr. Theodore Bent, F.R.G.S., explorer of Great Zimbabwe in I8gi, author of The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland Coin of Byblos, Phcenicia, showing Conical Tower Wooden Bowl with Zodiacal Signs, found near Zimbabwe Cylinder with Rosettes found at Phoenician Temple of Paphos in Cyprus x: Soapstone Cylinder, with Rosettes, found near Zimbabwe x "Fuko-ya-Nebandge" Model of Temple "To Great Zimbabwe" Havilah Camp, Great Zimbabwe View from Acropolis, showing Elliptical Temple in the Valley, Zimbabwe Conical Tower and Platform (from north), Elliptical Temple, Zimbabwe The Balcony, Eastern Temple, Acropolis. The parapet wall of Balcony is built upon the suspended boulder Carrying debris from the Elliptical Temple A noontide shelter at the Elliptical Temple The Camp Messenger Labourers at the Elliptical Temple The Chipo-popo Falls, near Zimbabwe Rapping the Moje-je-je, or "Mystic Bar," Zimbabwe Finger Rock, Morgenster, near Zimbabwe I-Baku (the cave) at Chicagomboni, where Adam Renders, the rediscoverer of Great Zimbabwe, lived from 1868 to 1871 The Bird Rock, near Zimbabwe View on Motelekwe River A Makalanga, Zimbabwe The Camp Watchman Makalanga "Boys" fencing, Zimbabwe Motumi and Mongwaine, Zimbabwe Makalanga mother and child, Zimbabwe The Mogabe Handisibishe, chiet of the Zimbabwe Makalanga Makalanga women and girls at the Mogabe's Kraal, Great Zimbabwe Soapstone Beams, with Birds, Zimbabwe Front, side, and back views of Soapstone bird, Zimbabwe Soapstone Bird on Beam, discovered at Philips Ruins, Zimbabwe, in 1903 (three views) An old wall crossing over the foundation of a still older wall, Zimbabwe Binding of the summits of two separate walls Exterior of Drain, Elliptical Temple Monoliths on the Platform, Acropolis PA E spiece xiii xxxvi xxxvi xxviii xxviii xl xl 2 2 I0 16 16 36 36 46 46 56 56 62 62 68 68 80 80 84 84 88 88 96 102 io6 xo8 152 152 170 170 x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE South-east Wall, with Chevron Pattern, Elliptical Temple, Great Zimbabwe 198 Chevron Pattern, East Wall, Elliptical Temple 204 North-east Wall, with Chevron Pattern, Elliptical Temple, Great Zimbabwe 2o6 North-west Entrance, Elliptical Temple 216 Entrance to Passage, No. 1o Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 2x6 Exterior of North Entrance, Elliptical Temple, Zimbabwe. Discovered 1903 220 Summit of South-east Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 222 West Entrance from interior, Elliptical Temple 222 Nos. 3 and 4 Enclosures and West Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 228 West Entrance, No. 7 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 234 South Wall of No. 7 Enclosure, showing part (to left) reconstructed, Elliptical Temple 234 Visitors' Ladder to summit of Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 238 The small Conical Tower, Elliptical Temple 238 The Parallel Passage (from south), Elliptical Temple 246 The Parallel Passage (from north), Elliptical Temple 248 South Entrance to Parallel Passage, looking south, Elliptical Temple 250 Part of Platform Area, looking west, showing drain from No. io Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 250 South Wall, with Pattern, No. ii Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 258 Joint between original and reconstructed walls, Nos. i i and 12 Enclosures, Elliptical Temple 258 South-east interior of Elliptical Temple, looking N. N.E., and showing excavations, 1902-4 264 Circular Cement Platform, with Steps, and carved Soapstone Beams, discovered 1903, Elliptical Temple 266 Entrance to Inner Parallel Passage from South Passage, Elliptical Temple 266 East Wall, with Pattern, No. I I Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 268 Inner Parallel Passage, looking east, Elliptical Temple 268 Zimbabwe Hill, or Acropolis. View from Havilah Camp 276 A turn in the Passage of the South-east Ancient Ascent, Acropolis 284 View from South-east Ascent, Acropolis 284 Lower Entrance to Rock Passage, South-east Ascent, Acropolis 286 View down Rock Passage, South-east Ancient Ascent, Acropolis 286 Entrance to Covered Passage, Western Temple, Acropolis 300 Summit of West Wall of Western Temple, Acropolis, showing small