3 I SOIL SURVEY REPORT I . of SOUTHEASTERN NEW BRUNSWICK H. AALUND and R. E. WICKLUND Dominion Department of Agriculture THIRD REPORT OF THE NEW BRUNSWICK SOIL, SURVEY FREDERICTON, N.B. I AUG 4 1972 Experimental Farms Service -------I.-. I.-- Dominion Department of Agriculture In Co-operation with the New Brunswick Department of Agriculture . ACKNOWLEDGMENT HE Soil Survey of Southeastern New Brunswick was T conducted by the Experimental Farms Service, Dominion Department of Agriculture, in co-operation with the New Brunswick Department of Agriculture. The University of New Brunswick provided headquarters and laboratory accommoda- tion for the analytical work. The field work was carried out in the course of three seasons- 1940, 1941 and 1942 - by H. Aalund, A. Briggs, F. Everett, D. Gilchrist, K. Langmaid, L. RlacKay and A. MacLean. P. C. Stobbe, Soil Specialist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, spent some time each year in the field and advised on the classifi- cation and correlation of the soils as well as on the preparation of maps and the present report. The physical and chemical analyses on soil samples were performed by K. Langmaid. ,4cknowledgment of assistance and information given in the course of the work is gratefully rendered to the Fieldmen ant1 Representatives of the New Brunswick Department of Agriculture in the surveyed area, to many other officials of the Provincial ancl Dominion Departments of Agriculture, to Dr. W. J. Wright, Provincial Geologist, Dr. G. S. MacKenzie, Associate Professor of Geology, University of New Brunswick, and Dr. K. T. D. Wickenden, Geological Survey of Canada, for information regarding the geology of the area, and to Dr. F. J. ‘Poole, Professor of Chemistry, University of New Bruns- wick, for his continued interest in the work and assistance in problems of analysis. The writers are especially indebted to P. C. Stobbe, Soil Specialist, and Dr. A. Leahey, Soil Specialist, both of the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, for constructive criticism during the writing of this report. The Dominion Department of RIines and Resources, provided the base maps. The enclosed maps were prepared for publication in the map drafting office at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. CONTENTS PACE ,\CKSOWLEDGhlENT ............................................ .................... 3 hl.4P SHOWING THE 1,OCATION OF THE SURVEYED AREA ............. ................... 6 IXTRODUCTION ............................................... .................. 7 ;i. General Description of the Surveyed District. ................................... 9 1. Location and Extent .... .-. ......................... ................. 9 Topography and Drainage .......... 9 is GeologyandSoil Parent Material. ..:.:::.::::::‘:::. “::::::::::::::::: 14 4: Vegetation ................................. .................. 18 5. Climate. ................................ ...... .... 21 6. Settlement and Population ........................ : : : : : : : : : 1: : : : .... 24 7. r2griculture ....... ....... .............................. 26 B. Soils. 9 29 sd;isur~e.~~~e;hhd~““.“.::::.:::::::::::.:::’.::: ::::::::::::::::::: 29 ;: Soil Formation. ..... 29 I3 . SoilClassification......:::1.:::!:!:::l:::::I:::::::::::::.:::::::::::::: : 33 4. Description and Discussion of Soils. ........................................ 40 I. Soils Developed on Glacial Till .......... , ............................. 40 A. Soils Develoned on Till Derived from non-calcareous rock material ...... 40 Queens Asso‘ciation .......................................... 40 Harcourt Association. ......... ........... ....................... 4.5 Dorchester Association ..... ................. ................... 45 Salisbury Association. ................. ............... 47 Petitcodiac Association .................. : : : : : : : ............... 49 Shemogue Association, ....................................... 52 Parryr:4ssociation ............................................... 5-l hmgs Series. Tormentine Association ......... 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : .. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : .:fi Aulac Association ................................................. 60 Tidnish Series ....................... ........................ 62 Queenville .%sociation. ........................................... 63 DeeSeries ................................................... 65 . Anagancc*~ssociation ............................................. 65 DunsinaneSeries. ........................................... 67 Crossman Association. ............................................ 67 Lomond Association ...................... .................. 69 Kingston Association ..................... : : : : : : .................. 71 DeedSeries ................................................... 73 R. Soils Developed on Glacial Till Derived From Rocks With Some Content of Calcium Carbonate in the Cementing Material. .................... 74 Kingsclear Association ............................................. 7-4 Nackawick Series., ............................................ 77 Parleeville Association ........................ .................... 77 Midland Series. ................................................ 79 Saltspring Association .................................. ......... 80 Knightville Association .......................................... 82 Byrns Series ................................................... 84-- II. Soils Developed on Water-Worked Parent Material. 85 A. Mature Soils Developed on Deposits of Glacial and early Post-Glacial Age. 86 Gagetown Association. 86 Penobsquis Series. 88 Riverbank Association.. KennebecasisAssociation.....::::::::::::.::’::::::::::::::::::::: y”‘: Oromocto Series.. 92 B. Immature Soils in Process of Development on Recent Flood and Tidal Deposits (Azonal Soils) . 92 Intervale Association. 93 Sussex Association. 94- Acadia.\ssociation . ‘::::::! . :::::::: . III. Organic Soils (Intrazonal). : 11: 1 ;; Peat. Muck.... :.::::::!:::::::!:::::::::::::::::I::::::1:::::::::::: z:: 5. Rating and Suitability of the Soils of Southeastern New Brunswick for Agricultural Use. 99 6. Land Classification of Southeastern New Brunswick. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 100 Appendix.. 105 5 9” _ . 48’ GOLF OF LAWRENCE STATES -4b. NOVA SCOTIA SKETCH MAP SHOWINS LOCATION OF SURVEYED AREAS CHARLOTTE . E. NEW BRUNSWICK AREA. “.J -. hr the Pxorrimmtd Farms Service. OIUW INTRODUCTION Soil Survey work in Kew Brunswick has been in progress since 1938, as a co-operative project by the Experimental Farms Service, Dominion Department of Agriculture, and the New Brunswick Department of Agriculture. The immediate object of a soil survey is the classification and mapping of the soils of an area according to their inherent physical and chemical charac- teristics. The interpretation of the characteristics of the different soil units in terms of productivity and adaptability for use, is also an important feature of the soil survey program. The information obtained from the survey of Southeastern New Brunswick is presented in this report, which is the third soil survey report for the province. The first part of the report gives a brief general description of the map area and of the topography, geology, climate, and other factors, that have influenced the development of the soils and have a close bearing on crop production. The body of the report presents the classification of the soils and gives descriptions of the characteristics of each soil type and discusses the relationships of the soils to agriculture. A table on the estimated productivity rating of the soil types for the commonly grown farm crops is also given, and a preliminary land classifi- cation of the surveyed area has been incorporated in this report in the interest of those who are concerned with land use. The appendix contains tables of physical and chemical analysis of some representative soil samples from the survey area. The soil maps which accompany this report, are an essential aid to the proper use of the report. They show the distribution of the soils and important physical features of the surveyed area, such as slope of the land, surface drainage systems, and cultural features (road, railroads, towns, etc.). The scale of the map, which is two miles to one inch, is too small to indicate detailed soil variations on indi- vidual farms. Therefore, if knowledge is desired concerning any small tract of land the information derived from the map and the report should be supple- mented with first hand examination of the soils on that land. a 3 3068-2 SOIL SURVEY REPORT of the SOUTHEASTERN PART OF NEW BRUNSWICK bY H. &LUND* AND R. E. WICKLUND** GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEYED AREA Location and Extent The area described in this report is that part of New Brunswick lying east of the lower part of the St. John river and Washademoak lake and river, and south of a line running irregularly from Cole’s Island, Queens county, to the town of Shediac on the Northumberland Strait. Its approximate location is shown in the outline map of the province. The area includes all of Albert county, practically all the settled part of Westmorland, most of St. John and Kings counties, and a small section of Queens count!‘, it covers approximately 3,890 square miles or 2,489,OOO acres. The exact boundaries of the surveyed district are as follows (beginning at the citv of Saint John and reading clockwise on the map) : on the west, the St. John river, Washademoak lake and river to Cole’s Island, thence due north to 46’00’ lat.