Technical Note 4: Technology Evaluation Disruptive Technology Search for Space Applications 4000101818/10/NL/GLC Issue: 2.0 - Date 07.11.2012 Document Change Record Issue/ Date Affected Pages Description Revision 1.0 23.07.2012 All Draft 2.0 15.11.2012 All Final Version Date: 15.11.2012 Page 2 of 162 Doc.Int.: DST-TN-04 Issue: 2.0 Table of Content Table of Content Table of Content .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 10 References .................................................................................................................................. 10 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 10 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 12 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 17 2 DST Evaluation Methodology ............................................................................................... 18 2.1 DST Evaluation Method ................................................................................................ 19 2.1.1 Desk Research ....................................................................................................... 19 2.1.2 First Delphi Round ................................................................................................. 20 2.1.3 Second Delphi Round ............................................................................................ 20 2.1.4 Third Delphi Round ................................................................................................ 21 2.1.5 Concept Scoring .................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Delphi Questions .......................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Social Questions .................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2 Technical Questions ............................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Economic Questions .............................................................................................. 22 2.2.4 Political Questions ................................................................................................. 23 2.3 Weighting & Scoring ..................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Selection of Experts ...................................................................................................... 24 3 Results ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Presentation of the Results ............................................................................................ 25 3.2 Analysis of the Results .................................................................................................. 26 3.3 Assessment of the Evaluation Process and Recommendations ........................................ 27 Annex 1: Technology Fact Sheets ................................................................................................ 28 1 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 28 1.1 Cathodic Arc Application of Amorphous Boron Coatings ............................................... 28 Date: 15.11.2012 Page 3 of 162 Doc.Int.: DST-TN-04 Issue: 2.0 Table of Content 1.2 Ceramic Composite Structures ...................................................................................... 31 1.3 Highly Conducting Graphite Epoxy Composite ............................................................... 34 1.4 Metallic Microlattice ..................................................................................................... 36 1.5 Nanocrystalline diamond Aerogel .................................................................................. 39 2 Data Handling ..................................................................................................................... 41 2.1 Chalcogenide-Based Reconfigurable Memory Electronics ............................................... 41 2.2 Holographic Data Storage ............................................................................................. 44 2.3 Multicarrier signals........................................................................................................ 47 2.4 Light slowing Metamaterials ......................................................................................... 49 3 Propulsion .......................................................................................................................... 52 3.1 Ceramic Combustion chamber concept based on transpiration cooling .......................... 52 3.2 Aerospike engine .......................................................................................................... 54 3.3 Nanoparticle Field Extraction Thruster (NanoFET) ............................................................ 56 3.4 Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT) ...................................................................... 59 3.5 Alternative Solid Propellants: CL-20 ............................................................................... 62 4 Power ................................................................................................................................. 65 4.1 Aluminum-Celmet for Lithium-Ion Batteries ................................................................... 65 4.2 Super-/ Ultracapacitors .................................................................................................. 67 4.3 Bacterial Nanowires ...................................................................................................... 70 4.4 UltraFlex Solar Panels .................................................................................................... 72 4.5 Silicon Nanowire Lithium-Ion Battery ............................................................................. 74 4.6 Quantum-Dot Solar Cell ................................................................................................ 76 Annex 2: Delphi Results .............................................................................................................. 79 1 General Notes / Table legends ............................................................................................. 79 2 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 80 2.1 Cathodic arc application of amorphous boron coatings (CAAABC) ................................. 80 2.1.1 Technology description .......................................................................................... 80 2.1.2 Social, Economic and Political (SEP) questions ......................................................... 81 2.1.3 Technical questions (performance attributes) .......................................................... 82 2.1.3.1 Selection of attributes (1st round) .................................................................... 82 Date: 15.11.2012 Page 4 of 162 Doc.Int.: DST-TN-04 Issue: 2.0 Table of Content 2.1.3.2 Rating (2nd & 3rd round) ................................................................................... 82 2.1.3.3 Weighting (2nd & 3rd round) ............................................................................. 83 2.2 Ceramic composite structures ....................................................................................... 83 2.2.1 Technology description .......................................................................................... 83 2.2.2 Social, Economic and Political (SEP) questions ......................................................... 84 2.2.3 Technical questions (performance attributes) .......................................................... 86 2.2.3.1 Selection of attributes (1st round) .................................................................... 86 2.2.3.2 Rating (2nd & 3rd round) ................................................................................... 86 2.2.3.3 Weighting (2nd & 3rd round) ............................................................................. 87 2.3 Graphite epoxy composites ........................................................................................... 87 2.3.1 Technology description .......................................................................................... 87 2.3.2 Social, Economic and Political (SEP) questions ......................................................... 88 2.3.3 Technical questions (performance attributes) .......................................................... 89 2.3.3.1 Selection of attributes (1st round) .................................................................... 89 2.3.3.2 Rating (2nd & 3rd round) ..................................................................................