Index Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. accretion 86, 93, 100, 101, 102 black schist/shale 58, 62 Moldanubian 9, 24, 28–30 blueschist 17, 24, 90, 91, 92, 118, 170 Allochthonous units 82–97, 141 Bohemian Massif 2, 7, 13, 62, 67, 68 Iberia 229, 231–233, 237, 238 tectonic domains 14–19, 172 Portugal 118, 121–122 tectonic re-interpretation 26–31 Alpine overprinting 249–251 Bohemian Massif, plate model 169–184 Alps 380–381 deformation and plutonism 180–184 convergence–extension 368–375 lithotectonic units 170–175 geology 365–368 timing and kinematics 175–180, 182 magmatism 375–378 boudin 13, 17, 23, 24, 235, 289, 321, 370, 373 metamorphism 369–375 Bouguer gravity anomaly 230, 334, 335 numerical model predictions 379–389 Bouillouses gneiss dome 268, 269 tectonic map 365, 366, 374 Bre´venne Unit 11, 14, 24, 29, 65 Ancenis Basin 141, 142–143, 147, 152, 154, 155 Bristol Channel–Bray Fault 47 age of sedimentation 158–161 Brunia continent 17–18, 19, 25, 176, 181, 183 Andorra pluton 274–275 Brunovistulian Unit 172–173, 175 Ar/Ar age 322–323, 348–351, 355 Ibero-Armorican 83, 86, 87, 92, 93, 237, 238 Cadomian block 138, 161, 169, 170 Pyrenees 273, 280 Calabria, reconstruction 334, 351 Vosges 54, 55, 200 calc-alkaline composition 49, 83, 87, 91, 127, 155 Ar/Ar analysis, white mica 3, 137–138, 141 Alps 375, 377, 378 age groups 145, 148–149, 151–154 granitoids 183, 335 methodology and samples 143–144 plutons 11, 15, 24, 254, 257, 272 arc setting 54, 68, 95, 97, 184 Bohemian Massif 171, 176, 179, 180 Armorican Massif 2, 99, 158 Vosges 51, 198, 200–203, 210–215 Allochthon, Lower–Upper 83–97 Canigou–Caranc¸a` gneiss dome 268, 269, 272 comparison with southern belt 325 Cantabrian Orocline 282, 283 correlation 81 Cantabrian Zone 230, 231, 233, 242, 249, 257, 259 geology 139–142 Caranc¸a` dykes 274, 277, 279 pressure–temperature path 85 carbonate 50, 60, 118, 142, 158, 181, 378 relief and erosion 137–162 platform/reef 47, 62, 97, 99–100, 138 Aston gneiss dome 266, 268, 269–272, 281 Carboniferous position, Corsica 352 Asturian Phase 1, 77, 102 Catalan Coastal Ranges 250, 253, 257, 273, aureole 52–53, 275, 371 282–283 Austroalpine Domain 367–368, 375–377, 379, 382, Cauterers–Panticosa plutons 275–276, 278 384–387 Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex 176, 177, 181 Autochthonous units, Iberia 229–233, 237, 239, 240 Central Iberian Arc 226, 282 Portugal 116–118 Central Iberian Zone 225, 240, 241, 282–283 Avalonia 28–39, 83, 98, 169, 175, 356 metamorphism 230, 232, 234–237 passive margin 197–220 NE Portugal 115–118, 128, 129 subduction 216, 218–219 Chalonnes Formation 141, 147, 152, 157, 161 Ax-les-Thermes pluton 273–274 Champ du Feu 9, 21, 51 age 276–277, 279, 280 Champ du Feu Massif 198, 199, 200, 203, 218 Champtoceaux Complex 83, 86, 87, 93, 143, 153 back-arc basin 14, 24–25, 157, 161 Devonian–Carboniferous events 159 opening 65–66, 68, 98 erosion 155, 160–162 model sections 29, 30, 63, 65, 217 Lower–Middle Allochthon 141 back-thrusting 315, 325, 326, 327 chert 97, 122, 142 Bande Me´diane, volcanics 204, 214, 217, 218 cleavage 56–59, 64, 66 geochronology 198–202 slaty 233, 241, 254, 255, 259 Barrovian metamorphism 15, 29–30, 64, 154, 315, coal-bearing basin 141–143, 155, 158–161 323–325 collision 2, 3, 4, 26, 28–30, 239, 387, 389 Barrovian zones 234, 235, 236 Devonian 62–66 Basal Lower Parautochthon Detachment 128, 129 Iberia and Eurasian plates 250 bathymetry 334, 335, 349, 351 numerical modelling 382, 383 Bay of Biscay, formation of 252 Variscan 100–101 Belmont granite 198–204, 210–212, 215–216, 218 conglomerate 142, 147 Black Forest 19, 45, 47, 60, 64, 67, 68 contact metamorphism 52–53 402 INDEX convergence–extension, Alps 368–375, 380–381 Pyrenees 266, 268, 269, 272, 337, 339, 346 numerical modelling 383 Vosges 58–60 Corsica–Sardinia 316–318, 321–322, 324 foliation, magnetic 339 palaeomagnetic data 333–356 France, north–south comparison 313, 325 crust 2, 9–12, 30, 385 France see also Vosges deformation 249, 261, 265, 269–272 Lower Allochthon 83–89 rheological parameters 384 Middle Allochthon 92–94 structure 229–234, 239–242 Upper Allochthon 95–97 Culm 101, 253, 272 French Massif Central 7–31 deformation 141, 159, 160, 181, 182 gabbro 94, 95, 371, 376–378 Iberia 232, 251–252, 254–259 Galicia–Massif Central ocean 14 Pyrenees 267–268, 269–272, 280, 281, 283 Galicia–Tra´s-os-Montes Zone 115, 128, 129 deformation events 56, 61, 325 Allochthon 118, 121–122 dehydration melting 216, 218, 236 HT/LP metamorphism 85, 225, 230, 233, 237, delamination 3, 4, 183–184, 242, 283, 335 239, 241 detachment zone 67, 68 Galicia, geology 82 detrital zircon Armorican Massif 137–138 garnet, Sm–Nd dating 301, 302 age groups 151–155 geochemistry 202–211 methodology and samples 143–144 gabbros 376, 377 sample results 144–151 volcanics 122–130 source identification 155–162 geochronology 238 dome, thermal 254–259, 257 analytical procedure 276 doming 234, 293, 306, 308, 326, 327 multimethod dating 298–302 durbachite 18, 21, 24, 54, 173, 181 Vosges 54–55, 198–204 dykes 91, 95, 98, 274, 277, 279, 337, 377 geothermal relaxation 67–68 magnetism 344, 346–349 geotherms 384, 386 Gfo¨hl Unit 15, 18, 19, 24, 172, 176, 184 East Variscan Shear Zone 324 glaciation, Hirnantian 99 Ebro Basin 249, 250 glaciomarine sequence 97, 100 eclogite 4, 96, 141, 154 gneiss complex 22–24 Alps 370, 371, 373 gneiss dome Iberia 87, 94, 100, 118, 235 Iberia 228, 229, 240, 241 Maures–Tanneron Massif 321, 322, 324 metamorphism 234, 235, 254 Moldanubian Zone 7, 11–12, 15, 17–18, 23, Pyrenees 265–268, 279–280 171–172 Gondwana 4, 28–29, 60, 62 eclogites, Massif Central 289–290, 294–296, 307 collision 225–226, 260 multimethod dating 298–302 crustal thickening 239–240 Sm/Nd isochron plot 302–305 indentation 66–67 U–Pb data 297, 299–301 Gondwana margin 169, 289 Eisgarn granite 175, 180 Ibero-Armorican Arc 78, 79, 83, 90–91, 94, 97, 101 Elbe Shear Zone 179–180, 181 terrane dispersal 98–100, 102, 116 elements, major 202–211 see also trace volcanism, age 118, 127–129 equations, crust–mantle system 379, 382 Gondwana–Laurussia 183, 260, 356 erosion and mountain building 138, 155–161 granite 12, 14, 17, 21–23, 170, 181 Essarta Unit 96, 98 age 237, 238, 276–283 European Variscides 46, 65, 170, 314, 364, 368 Cloos 178–179 geochronology 322–323 Pyrenees 265, 268, 272–283, 293 southern belt 316–324 time–temperature path 281 exhumation Vosges 51, 52, 55, 203–204, 214 Alps 371, 373 granitoid 377 Bohemian Massif 172, 173, 176, 177, 181, 183 Bohemian Massif 169–184 Iberia 235–237 Corsica–Sardinia 335, 337–339, 343, 346, 348, 350, Massif Central 266, 289, 306, 308, 309 354, 356 Mauges Unit 160, 162 Iberia 228, 229, 240–242, 251, 253, 254 Maures–Tanneron Massif 322, 324, age 236–239 325, 326 granulite 289, 370 Ibero-Armorican arc 94, 95, 98 flysch 17, 22, 50–51, 78, 101, 229, 272 Moldanubian Zone 13, 17–19, 21, 23, 24 folding 254, 272, 294 Vosges 54, 55, 62, 68 folds, Iberia 227, 233–234, 236, 241, 255 gravitational dynamics 101, 181, 237, 239, 266, 387 foliation 66, 176 numerical modelling 382, 383 Alps 370, 373 gravitational flow 230, 231, 233 Iberia 233, 234, 237, 254, 257, 260 gravity 230, 334, 335, 349 INDEX 403 Helvetic Domain 367–368, 373, 375, 378, magma mixing 52, 215, 218 385–387 magmatic fabric 179, 180 overview 381 magmatic pulses, Vosges 197–220 Hf isotope data 92 geochemistry 202–203, 204–214 hornfels 53, 95 geochronology 198, 200, 201, 203–206, 214 Hospitalet gneiss dome 268, 269, 270–271, 272 magmatism 3 Cambro-Ordovician 153 Iapetus 98, 100 Carboniferous 159, 171 Iberia Corsica–Sardinia 334, 335, 337 Lower Allochthon 79–83, 84–86 Iberia 232, 237, 253, 254, 257 Middle Allochthon 90–94 Portugal, NE 126–129 Upper Allochthon 94–95 Pyrenees 271, 283, 333 Iberia (central) metamorphism 225–242 Saxothuringian domain 197–198, 217 age 236–237 Vosges 50–52, 54–56, 68 conditions 234–239 magnetic foliation 56, 59, 179 geological setting 228–229 magnetic overprint 344, 346–351 Iberian (NE) Variscan tectonics 249–261 magnetic susceptibility 257, 293, 338, 339, 342 Ibero-Armorican arc 138, 226, 240, 242 magnetization, timing of 347–351 correlation 81 Main Tras-os-Montes Thrust 116, 119, 122, geodynamic evolution 97–102 128, 129 geology 78, 226 manganiferous nodules 92 Lower Allochthon 79–87, 88–89 mantle 7, 17, 23, 25, 26, 52, 171, 175 Middle Allochthon 90–94 delamination 3, 4, 183, 184, 242 Upper Allochthon 94–97 depleted 91, 214, 377 igneous activity see magmatism heat 237, 239 imbrication 90, 91, 230, 231, 233 hydration 386, 387, 389 imprints 368 rheological parameters 384 metamorphic 373, 375, 377 source 92, 214–218, 377, 378 Permian–Triassic 384 wedge 83, 386, 387 indentor 3, 19, 66–67, 242 Massif Central 2, 7–31, 153, 154 Ingrandes Formation 141, 142, 147, 152, 154, 160 comparison with southern belt 325 inversion 22, 24, 65, 159, 325 geochronology 289–309 isotopic composition 51, 52, 213–214 tectonometamorphism 9–19, 139, 290–293 isotopic ratio, measurement 124 tectonic re-interpretation 26–31 Mauges Unit 97, 99–100, 154, 161 Joyeuse–Grimauld Fault 315, 324, 327 Upper Allochthon 141–142 Maures–Este´rel–Corsica–Sardinia 333–356 K–Ar age 200, 273, 348, 351 geology 335–338 Kagenfels granite 199, 200, 201, 210–214, 216–218 palaeomagnetism 339–351 kink folds 255 tectonic evolution 351–356 kinzigite 294, 295, 303, 304, 307, 375 Maures–Tanneron Massif, orogenic wedge klippen 8, 12, 18, 176, 233 313–327 Klippen Belt 50–51, 58, 60, 64, 68 comparison with N France 325 Krkonosˇe–Jizera Plutonic Complex 178–179 geology 313–316 metamorphism 320–324 Lalaye–Lubine Fault Zone 46, 58, 63, 64, 67, 197