Rolling Out the Interactive Credits: Evolving the Ending Credits into an Interactive Audience Experience A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Nicole DiGiambattista in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Digital Media June 2012 ii © Copyright 2012 Nicole DiGiambattista. All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgements I would like to give a “Super Special Thanks” to my mother and father, Josephine and Frank, for always being supportive and encouraging me to do my best. Without them, this project would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my father, Frank, for lending his creative and technical skills. His help with the data model and database was essential. Thank you to the members of Sweaty Robot for their permission to use Happy Birthday Harris Malden, for providing entertaining bonus material, and for answering questions along the way. I would like to thank my committee members, Jervis Thompson and Albert Tedesco, for their support and feedback. Thank you to Jervis for meeting with me and helping me troubleshoot the project. Finally, I would like to thank my advisor, Theo A. Artz, for his analytical eye, creative advice, and patience throughout the project. His passions for immersive media and focus on user experience made him an invaluable part this process. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... v Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Key Terms ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3 Background Information ............................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Traditional Film Distribution ............................................................................................................ 6 3.2 Home Movie Viewing ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.3 Evolution of Credits Over Time ......................................................................................................... 7 3.3.1: 12 Angry Men ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3.2: West Side Story ................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.3: Boy’s Night Out ................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.4: Carmen Jones ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.5: You’ll Never Get Rich ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3.6: Where the Sidewalk Ends ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.7: I Love Melvin ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3.8: The Man with the Golden Arm, It’s A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Around the World In 80 Days, Casino ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.9: Dr. No, The Pink Panther, Se7en................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.10: Mad Men .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.11: Despicable Me ................................................................................................................................................. 14 3.4 Rise of Video-On-Demand ................................................................................................................ 14 3.5 Bonus Material ..................................................................................................................................... 16 3.6 Audience Participation ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.7 User Interaction .................................................................................................................................. 17 3.8 User Expectations ............................................................................................................................... 18 4 Procedure........................................................................................................................................ 19 4.1 Film Selection ....................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Bonus Material Categories............................................................................................................... 20 4.2.1: List of categories and sub-categories ..................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Data Model ............................................................................................................................................ 20 4.3.1: Relational data model ................................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Interactive Ending Credits - Initial Idea ..................................................................................... 21 4.5 Interactive Ending Credits - Final Idea ........................................................................................ 24 4.6 Technologies ......................................................................................................................................... 26 4.6.1: Architecture overview of application layer model ........................................................................... 27 4.6.2: Architecture overview of physical layer model ................................................................................. 28 4.7 User Feedback ...................................................................................................................................... 31 4.8 Future Work ......................................................................................................................................... 34 5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 36 6 List of References ......................................................................................................................... 37 v List of Figures 1. 12 Angry Men .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. West Side Story ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3. Boy’s Night Out ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 4. Carmen Jones ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 5. You’ll Never Get Rich ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 6. Where the Sidewalk Ends ................................................................................................................................................. 10 7. I Love Melvin ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 8. The Man with the Golden Arm, It’s A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Around the World In 80 Days, Casino .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 9. Dr. No, The Pink Panther, Se7en ................................................................................................................................... 13 10.