International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 76 ISSN 2229-5518 Semantic Web Services-A Survey Gayathridevi.M and Manikandan.R Abstract-- The technology where the meaning of the information and the service of the web is defined by making the web to understand and satisfies the request of the people is called Semantic Web Services. That is the idea of having data on the web defined and linked in a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purpose, but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various application .The idea of the semantic is raised to overcome the limitation of the Web services such as Average WWW searches examines only about 25% of potentially relevant sites and return a lot of unwanted information, Information on web is not suitable for software agent and Doubling of size. It is built on top of the Web Services extended with rich semantic representations along with capabilities for automatic reasoning developed in the field of artificial intelligence. This survey attempts to give an overview of the underlying concepts and technologies along with the categorization, selection and discovery of services based on semantic. 1 INTRODUCTION Web Services are self-contained application that is used for the communication between electronic devices over internet. It uses XML- based interfaces for communication Service Publish which includes the operation like publish, bind, find of the Provider services by the service role. Bind The Semantic web used to categories the services and WSDL WSDL retrieves those services from UDDI based on meaning that enable dynamic, execution-time discovery, composition, and invocation of Services[1] and machine to use the web Service Service content. Supplier WSDL Reques The goal of Semantic Web Services is to satisfy the user by providing services from web. [1] Basically, Web services Find structure a service oriented architecture where the service register (UDDI) has predefinedIJSER categories (syntactic) that are specified by the service provider. As a result, similar Figure 1: Architecture of Web Service services may be listed under different categories in existing UDDI infrastructure. This may involve searching a large Service Requester is a person or organization that number of categorize to find appropriate services. requests the provider to their entity’s web service. The Therefore, need of categorize web service based on their provider gives appropriate agent to implement particular semantic rather than classification of service provider. service. Service Requester locates the desired service; its A Web Service is an application component accessible client binds with the service at the service provider and over open protocols which are intended to solve three main then invokes the services. problems such as Interoperability, Firewall traversal, Web Services uses four protocol stacks that used to Complexity. define, locate, implement, and make web service to interact An application component that Communicates via open with each other. They are: Transport Protocol – Responsible protocols (HTTP, SMTP, etc.) ,Processes XML messages to transporting message between network application and framed using SOAP ,Describes its messages using XML it include protocol such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP. Schema , Provides an endpoint description using WSDL Messaging Protocol -Encode the message in XML format and can be discovered using UDDI. and include the protocol such as XML RPC, WS addressing, and SOAP. Description protocol –Used to describing the The Web Services architecture (fig:1) is based upon the public interface to specific web service by using WSDL. interactions between three roles [2]: Service provider, Discovery protocol –Centralizes services into common Service registry, Service requestor. The interactions involve registry by using UDDI. with the help of three main operations such as Publish, Find, and Bind. A SOAP message is an ordinary XML document containing the following elements: A required Envelope element that identifies the XML document as a SOAP IJSER © 2013 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 77 ISSN 2229-5518 message. An optional Header element that contains header Web Service Description Language [1] is an XML information. A required Body element that contains call vocabulary for describing Web services that allows and response information. An optional Fault element that developers to describe Web Services and their capabilities, provides information about errors that occurred while in a standard manner. processing the message. Ontology is the language used to define vocabularies UDDI is platform independent, Extensible Markup and establish the word and this is constructing by RDF Language based registry by which different services listed Schema. Logic is used to establish the consistency and on internet [3]. This is provided by Organization for correctness of data set and proof is used to explain the steps advancement of structured information standards. Core of for reasoning [1].The top layer the trust which provides the web services standards designed to be interrogated by authentication and trustworthiness of services, agent and SOAP message and provide access to WSDL describing the agent [1]. protocol bindings. The message formats required to interact with web service listed in the directory. UDDI nodes are 3 SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES servers that support UDDI specification and UDDI registry The development of Semantic Web Services is to enrich the has one or more nodes. underlying Web Services [5].Since all the web resources have one or more themes along with some number of concepts .If these concepts can be discovered and matched 2 THE SEMANTIC WEB with the concept contained in a query then this will be the best method of retrieval of information from web and this The Semantic Web provides a common framework that can be achieved by Semantic Web Services [13]. allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries [12]. It is an effort to Categorization of services based on semantic from a enhance current web so that computers can process the hierarchical by using Association rule and register in UDDI. information presented on World Wide Web, interpret and Selection can be done in two steps 1) Parameters-Based connect it, to help humans to find required knowledge service refinement 2) Semantic similarity-based matching. [4].semantic web is intended to form a huge distributed Let we discuss about the techniques to Coordination, knowledge based system. Matching, Discovery of services. 3.1 Framework Representation Of Semantic Web In the architecture (fig:2), URI and Unicode, follows the Services important features of the existing World Wide Web. Unicode is a standard of encoding international character To work with Semantic Web Services there needs to define sets and it allows that all human languages can be used the relevant information reasoning problems and solutions (written and read) on the web using one standardized form. to the problems in a consistent manner. Three large Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of a standardized proposals for such representation frameworks have been form that allows to uniquelyIJSER identifying resources. A presented: OWL-S, WSMO, and SWSF. subset of URI is Uniform Resource Locator, which contains OWL-S uses description logic (OWL) as the basic access mechanism and a network location of a document. language for service ontology. WSMO stresses the loose Another subset of URI is URN that allows identifying a coupling between services and attempts to achieve this resource without implying its location and means of with separate goal and service ontologies and advanced dereferencing it. mediator architecture. SWSF is based on OWL-S but improves its process model by incorporating an existing TRUST ontology, Process Specification Language (PSL). LOGIC AND PROOF 3.2 Semantic Web Service Coordination ONTOLOGY The coordination of web services includes the matching of RDF AND RDF SCHEMA services and discovery. Semantic service matching XML AND XML SCHEMA determines whether the semantics of a desired service conform to that of an established service. A current Figure 2: Architecture Of Semantic Web approach to semantic service matching depends on non- The layer of the semantic web as follows(fig:1.2): The logic-based or logic based reasoning or a hybrid lowest layer is XML and XML schema responsible common combination of both, within or outside the respective schema, data type and structures [1].RDF and RDF schema service description framework. describes the resource type and metadata that uses the Table 1. Supported semantic web service description XML notation to represent pieces of information as formats propositions and that can form general graph-like structures. Propositions are represented in the form of Name of the Features subject predicate-object -triplets and terms used are Techniques uniquely identified with URIs. IJSER © 2013 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 78 ISSN 2229-5518 OWL-S 1) Logic based non- Matchmakers semantic functional.[16] Matchmakers for OWL-S service are the OWLSM and Based on the above mentioned description formats OWLS-UDDI different techniques is framed for service matching [8]. As focusing on follows service IO matching. 2)PCEM that converts Table 2. Different