ISSN 0970-7247 CONCEPTTHIRD English Monthly Annual Subscription Rs. 200 Vol. 30 No. 360 FEBRUARY 2017 Rs. 20.00 O Jakarta Gubernatorial Elections 2017 O Moldova’s Geopolitical Dilemma O Brazil’s Locomotive Breath O Corruption in Sino-World O Corruption in India O Ancient Temples of Kashmir THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 1 2 THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 CONCEPTTHIRD INSIDE Editorial An International Journal Imperiled World! 5 of Ideas B.K. Jakarta Gubernatorial Vol. 30 No. 360 FEBRUARY 2017 Rs. 20. 00 Election 2017 in Perspective 7 Third Concept aims at providing a platform where Igor Dirgantara a meaningful exchange of ideas can take place among the people of the Third World. The attempt will be Geopolitical Significance of Kazakhstan 11 to communicate, debate and disseminate information, Filippo R Omeo ideas and alternatives for the resolution of the common problems facing humankind. We welcome Moldova’s Geopolitical Dilemma 13 contributions from academics, journalists and even from those who may never have published anything Dr. Manabhanjan Meher before. The only requirement is a concern for and Brazil’s Locomotive Breath 16 desire to understand and take the issue of our time. Contributions may be descriptive, analytical or Nicola Bilotta theoretical. They may be in the form of original Combating corruption in the Sino-world 21 articles, reactions to previous contributions, or even a comment on a prevailing situation. All contributions, Ms. Lingbo ZHAO neatly typed in double space, may be addressed to: Popular Culture vs. Cinema in India 27 Editor Consulting Editor Ranjay K. Reddy Babuddin Khan M. L. Sharma Medical Education and Health Managing Editor Art Director Service in India 31 R. Prudhvi Raju Purba Roy Dr. Satyabrata Mishra Business Executive Chief of Production Corruption in India: Causes and Remedies 38 R.S.Rawat N. P. Agarwal Dr.Geetamma.K While the Editor accepts responsibility for the Agriculture Profile of the Farmers selection of materials to be published, individual authors are responsible for the facts, figures, and in Theni Dist 46 views in their articles. However, the Editor reserves the right to edit the articles for reasons of space and S.Velanganni, M. A. Barween clarity. & Dr. D. Jeba S. Anitha Published, Printed and Owned by Ancient Temples of Kashmir Babuddin Khan Third Concept under Karkota Dynasty 55 LB - 39, Prakash Deep Building, 7, Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi-110 001. Paryaz Ahmad Bhat Phones : 23711092, 23712249 Capitalizing on Human Misery Fax No: 23711092. E-mail : [email protected] in Occupied Territories 57 Website: www.thirdconceptjournal.co.in Aleksandra Krstiæ Designed by: Pt. Tejpal THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 3 4 THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 Editorial Imperiled World! e inhabit an imperiled world, where apart from the vast devastating potential of nuclear weapons, vagaries of climate change and growing inequalities between the rich and the poor, along with Wassociated events, have pushed the entire humankind on the threshold of catastrophe. Climate change has emerged as the major threat to the very existence of humankind after nuclear weapons. In the absence of a continuum of policies designed to reduce people’s exposure and vulnerability to climate change, poverty and inequality would only increase. The impacts of climate change are prone to worsen the conditions of low-income people, who already face inequality, thereby making it a double burden for them. According to a recently released UN report, a total of 6,457 weather-related disasters occurred during 1995-2015, which claimed more than 600,000 lives and affected another 4.2 billion people. Combating the menace of climate change, especially in developing countries, requires international resources. At the Paris climate conference in December 2015, countries committed to setting a target of mobilising at least $100 billion per year for climate change mitigation and adaptation activities in developing countries. Besides, Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that adaptation costs will range from $70 billion to $100 billion per year by 2050 in the developing countries alone. In this backdrop that the recently released UN report has voiced concern that international resources to support climate change resilience were insufficient. At a time when the world is passing through a critical situation due to climate change, there is an opportunity for the international community to come together to address the challenges. Various international reports have called for rendering immediate assistance to fight climate- related hazards, interventions for disaster risk reduction and taking up adaptation policies, including introduction of new crop varieties and water management techniques. These reports also suggest ecosystem management and income diversification of people and policies to reduce inequalities, which in turn would help address climate change impacts. The World Economic Forum (WEF) in its recently released report titled ‘2017 Global Risks Report’ has identified four key areas for global risks in 2017: environmental; socioeconomic; technological; and cooperative. The report identifies environmental risks as the most pressing, stressing that immediate, long- lasting action is necessary to provide hope for reversing climate change trajectories. It describes climate change as “one of the truly existential risks to our world” and states that the threat of climate change is among the highest, both in terms of impact and likelihood. The report recognizes progress in cooperation to address climate and other environmental risks in 2016, but concludes “the pace of change…is not fast enough.” The continued challenges related to rising income inequality, polarization of society along ethnic, religious and cultural lines, and strained social protection systems have been identified as socioeconomic threats by the WEF report. On technological risks, the report suggests technology may provide innovative solutions and/or produce additional risks. On cooperation, the report stresses the importance of collaboration among countries, sectors and societies in managing risks. Growing economic inequalities between the rich and the poor have been highlighted by international charity Oxfam in its report, according to which, just eight super-rich men hold the same amount of wealth as the poorest half of the world’s population. Lamenting that it cannot name the bottom half of humanity, more than 3.6 billion people, with that kind of precision, report says that they mostly live in the developing world. Cautioning that worsening inequality threatens to upend the very fabric that’s held democracies together in the post-Second World War global order, the Oxfam report warns, “Left unchecked, growing inequality threatens to pull our societies apart.” On the one hand, billions of people are fighting over crumbs from half of a pie; while on the other hand, the rich dig into fat slices all to themselves. Broad estimates show that 80 percent of the bottom half of the world’s population is adults living in Africa and India. They’re younger and more likely to be single and poorly educated. Women who are poorly educated are even more likely to have very little wealth. Rising inequality causes more than a sense of moral outrage, adversely affects the health, increasing suicide rates and shortening lifespan. Concrete actions are needed to wriggle this world out of perils. BK THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 5 6 THIRD CONCEPT, FEBRUARY 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 in Perspective Igor Dirgantara* [In the wake of approaching polls on February 15, 2017, competition has become increasingly rigorous among the three candidates who are contesting in the Jakarta Gubernatorial Election (Pilgub) 2017, namely, incumbent duet Basuki Tjahaja Purnama-Djarot Saiful Hidayat (Ahok- Djarot), Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono-Sylviana Murni (Agus-Sylvi), and Anies Baswedan-Sandiaga Uno (Anies-Sandi). Many have said that the fight in Jakarta gubernatorial election this time is a ‘proxy war’ of the rivalry among the political elites Megawati Soekarno Putri, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Prabowo Subianto.] hok-Djarot is supported by the Indonesian candidates who will compete is still overlapping Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP), the each other within the margin of error. APeople’s Conscience Party (Hanura), the Statistically, no certainty can be made on which Functional Group Party (Golkar), and the pair of candidates will win. National Democratic Party (Nasdem). Agus- Despite of Good Performance’s of Ahok, Sylvi is supported by the Democratic Party, the Jakarta’s Residents Want New Governor United Development Party (PPP), the National Awakening Party (PKB) and the National From the results of survey conducted by SPIN Mandate Party (PAN). Whereas Anies-Sandi is (Survey & Polling Indonesia) during August- supported by the Great Indonesia Movement December 2016, it was revealed that Ahok is Party (Gerindra) and the Prosperous Justice Party still considered by the public as the figure who (PKS). best understands the problems in Jakarta (73%), compared to Anies (40%), or Agus (33% ). The Presently, the Jakarta gubernatorial election is pair of incumbent governor Ahok-Djarot has had entering the stage of formal debate among the the advantage in selling the programs they have candidates that began on January 13, 2017. In achieved. the previous informal debate that was aired by some private televisions, the Anies-Sandi looked On the other hand, his rival two contenders