645 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (2006), 645-653 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences Technological Investigation on Quality and Possibilities for Widening the Production of Market Demanded Oriental Type Tobaccos MESSAGE I: Technological Investigation on Djebel K 81 V. NIKOLOVA Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, BG - 4108 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Abstract NIKOLOVA, V., 2006. Technological investigation on quality and possibilities for wid- ening the production of market demanded oriental type tobaccos. Message I: Techno- logical investigation on Djebel K 81. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 12: 645-653 At new conditions, the tobacco sector should completely be subjected to market demands, as regards its volume and its structure. As far as our country is concerned, this means market adaptation of the variety structure of tobaccos grown in the different regions. In this study a technological investigation of the variety of Djebel K 81 has been done, which is grown in the different sub-regions and regions of the origins of "Eastern Balkan" and "Nevrokop", as com- pared to the mass varieties for these origins. The routine indices for quality specification have been used: the chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke; the spectral curves of tobacco water extraction (Taking of the "image"); the expert and smoking evaluation. In order to prove the authenticity of the results, the data have been processed by using the variation and statistical method. On the basis of the complex evaluation, grading of tobaccos investigated has been done in regions and sub-regions for their origins. It has been established that it will be purposeful to grow the investigated variety of Djebel K 81 in the region of Yambol (the origin of "Eastern Balkan"), and also in the region of Nevrokop (the origin of "Nevrokop" - the sub-region of Yaka), when market demand is greater. Key words: Oriental type tobaccos, variety of Djebel K 81, quality, chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke, expert evaluation, smoking evalu- ation, quality index Introduction been determined by the ever-changing balance of "supply/demand" and the price Tobacco world market is a global, open fluctuations (Astuti, 2005). and cyclic one. Its cyclic character has The new conditions, in which tobacco e-mail: [email protected] 646 V. Nikolova sector is functioning in our country, as well variety of Djebel K 81 and the mass vari- as the forth-coming admission of R. Bul- eties grown in different regions, respec- garia into the European Union have im- tively origins, with the purpose of studying posed restructuring of the existing norma- the possibilities for widening their area of tive and legal order and actualization of a production. number of basic problems concerned with tobacco production and tobacco process- Materials and Methods ing. Ahmedov (2003) in his publication characterizes the national strategy for to- This investigation refers to tobacco bacco production development, by means variety of Djebel K 81 grown in the re- of which the governmental policy in the gions of the origins of "Eastern Balkan" field of tobacco, for the period 2003-2007 and "Nevrokop", of 2005 crop. will be realized. The author reviews the The material for investigation of these changes, which have been observed in the varieties has been taken in the form of to- field of tobacco and tobacco products pro- bacco strings from different tobacco pro- duction in national and in international ducers and settlements in the respective scale, concerning production and market regions and sub-regions. The samples have structure. been formed on the bases of the so c. "third The improvement of variety division into mother" (leaves bigger than the regions, as a market necessity for Orien- "kovalama"), the "kovalama" (leaves big- tal type tobaccos has been indicated by ger than the "utches") and the "utches" (the many authors (Slavova, 2002; Slavova and smallest and the topmost leaves), i.e. the Drachev, 2004; Tabakova, 1997). Stan- top quality and the most characteristic dardization, stabilization and enlargement material for the Oriental type tobaccos, of the market demanded varieties and ori- corresponding to the Ist standard grade. gins should be done. Tobacco has been precisely graded, the The selection of suitable varieties and nontypical and defective leaves been taken production technologies is of great impor- away, with the purpose of forming a uni- tance for manifestation of the character- form quality group for investigation. When- istic quality indices and smoking qualities ever the variety has been taken from dif- of tobaccos from the separate origins ferent settlements of the region (sub-re- (Dimanov, 2005). gion), a single sample should be formed Recently, a tendency for searching for by blending equal quantities of tobaccos the origins of Krumovgrad and Djebel has from the given settlements. been confirmed, as a result of which our The mass varieties used for making attention has been directed to them. the comparison have been as follows: For The above-mentioned confirms the the first origin (Eastern Balkan) - Elenski necessity for scientifically grounded inves- 817 from the village of Maglen; for the tigation of the real possibilities for widen- second origin (Nevrokop) - Nevrokop 261 ing the production of market demanded (N 261) and Nevrokop 1146 (N 1146). For tobaccos (varieties and origins) on the basis the variety of N 261 a singlke sample has of technological evaluation of quality. been formed from two settlements Purpose of Investigation: Comparative (Breznitza and Luky). For the variety of technological investigation on quality of the N 1146 tobaccos from four settlements Technological Investigation on Quality and Possibilities for Widening... 647 have been taken (Tuhovishte, Debren, Spectrophotometric evaluation Hadji Dimovo and Banichan) and a single (Taking of the "image") of tobacco - sample has been formed for the investiga- by means of determining the discrete tion. values of tobacco water extraction The "new"* varieties, which should absorption in UV - the spectral band be evaluated and compared to the above- within the range of 220-350 nm mentioned mass varieties for the different (Gjuzelev and Mohnacheva, 1982). regions and sub-regions of the two origins Statistical control for significance have been formed in the following way: has been done of the differences be- For the origin of "Eastern Balkan" two tween the samples, by using Student`s samples have been formed from the given criterion (Lakin, 1990). settlements of the region of Yambol: the Expert evaluation. It has been done sub-region of "Yaka" (Rechitza, Cheresha, by using the method of "direct compari- Skalak and Zajchar) and the sub-region son". We have determined the following: of "Balkan" (the village of Yasenovo). the coefficient of relative ranging, the For the origin of "Nevrokop" - two range coefficient and the coefficient of samples have been formed: the sub-region concor-dation (concordation W) of of "Yaka" from three settlements (the vil- Kendal. The criterion of Fischer (Fф) has lages of Breznitza, Zhizhevo and Teshevo) been used for evaluation of statistical sig- and the sub-region of "Balkan", including nificance (Borovikov and Borovikov, also three settlements (the villages of 1998). Satovcha, Kochan and Vaklinovo). In cases, when only two samples should The different samples have been inves- be compared, the evaluation for authen- tigated as regards the main indices char- ticity should be done by using the so called acterizing their quality: RCN (Ratio Critical Number) Chemical composition of tobacco: Smoking evaluation. It has been done nicotine, % - according to ISO 15152; re- by using the method of the 'direct" com- ducing sugars, % - according to ISO 15154; parison among the varieties (in cases, total nitrogen, % - according to the Bul- when two and/or three samples should be garian State Standard 15836-88; mineral compared). In more than three samples, composition (ashes), % - according to ISO the method of the "indirect" comparison 2817; potassium, % - according to the has been used (by couples), at complete Bulgarian State Standard 17365-94; the combination of the samples. ratio of reducing sugars/nicotine. The statistical processing of the results Chemical composition of tobacco has been done in the same way, as in the smoke: nicotine, mg/cig - by means of al- expert investigation. ready established regression dependencies Complex evaluation. For this purpose between tobacco and tobacco smoke com- indices characterizing most expressively position (Popova and Georgiev, 1998). the high quality of the Oriental type to- *The "new" variety of Djebel K 81 which is grown in the "new" regions, i.e. in the regions, where it has never been grown before. ** The "new" regions - regions (respectively origins), where the given variety has not been divided into regions according to the governmental division into regions. 648 V. Nikolova baccos should be applied. After estab- In all the remaining samples inves- lishing preliminarily the coefficients of tigated, nicotine in smoke has close, significance of these indices, ranging but lower values of nicotine in smoke. on the basis of the values of the latter Tobacco from the sub-region of has been done depending on their posi- "Yaka" has a higher value as regards tive or negative effect on quality. tars. The final evaluation has been The origin of "Nevrokop" (the region formed by determining of the "quality of Nevrokop). The results concerning index", the lower value of which cor- nicotine content have shown some more responds to higher quality. significant differences in the "new" vari- ety, grown in the different sub-regions of Results and Discussion the origin, as compared to the two mass ones N 261 and N 1146. The nicotine and For analysis and interpretation of the the total nitrogen contents are highest for results the following diagram has been the "new" variety from the sub-region of applied: comparison of tobaccos from the "Yaka", and the lowest for the mass vari- "new" variety of Djebel K 81 to the mass ety (N 1146).